What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with a drug or latex allergy?
Anaphylactic shock.
Cardiogenic shock.
Neurogenic shock.
Hypovolemic shock.
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is choice A: Anaphylactic shock.
Choice A rationale:
Anaphylactic shock is the correct answer. Anaphylactic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that causes massive vasodilation, capillary leakage, and bronchoconstriction. It can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen such as certain foods, insect stings, medications, or latex. The release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators leads to systemic vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, resulting in a sudden drop in blood pressure and compromised organ perfusion.
Choice B rationale:
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by inadequate cardiac output due to severe heart dysfunction. It is typically caused by conditions like myocardial infarction, heart failure, or other cardiac issues. While allergic reactions can potentially affect the cardiovascular system, the symptoms described in the question are more indicative of anaphylactic shock.
Choice C rationale:
Neurogenic shock results from disruption of sympathetic nervous system control over blood vessel tone, often due to spinal cord injury or severe emotional distress. This leads to widespread vasodilation and a sudden drop in blood pressure. While it can cause hemodynamic instability, it doesn't specifically involve the hypersensitivity reaction and capillary leaks associated with anaphylactic shock.
Choice D rationale:
Hypovolemic shock is caused by a significant loss of blood volume or bodily fluids, leading to decreased intravascular volume and subsequent inadequate tissue perfusion. This shock type is not directly related to a hypersensitivity reaction or capillary leakage caused by allergic responses. 2 / 2
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C: Oral rehydration solution (ORS).
Choice A rationale:
Clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time, might not be sufficient to adequately rehydrate a child with severe dehydration. Clear liquids lack the necessary electrolytes and glucose content to effectively combat dehydration and replace lost fluids.
Choice B rationale:
Administration of antidiarrheal medication is not the initial step in managing severe dehydration caused by acute diarrhea and vomiting. Antidiarrheal medications can slow down the gastrointestinal motility, which may exacerbate the problem by delaying the elimination of the causative agent and prolonging the dehydration.
Choice C rationale:
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the recommended initial intervention for managing severe dehydration caused by acute diarrhea and vomiting. ORS contains the appropriate balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) and glucose to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, thereby helping to rehydrate the child effectively. It is absorbed even when digestion is impaired due to the illness.
Choice D rationale:
Intravenous fluids might be necessary if the child's condition is very severe and oral intake cannot be maintained. However, it's not the first-line intervention. Oral rehydration is preferred whenever feasible because it is less invasive and can be administered even in mild to moderate dehydration cases.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A: Rotavirus.
Choice A rationale:
Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children. It is highly contagious and is responsible for a significant portion of severe diarrhea cases worldwide. Rotavirus infections are most common in infants and young children, and they can lead to dehydration, especially in developing countries where access to clean water and proper sanitation might be limited.
Choice B rationale:
Salmonella organisms can cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections that lead to diarrhea. However, they are more commonly associated with bacterial infections rather than viral-induced acute diarrhea.
Choice C rationale:
Shigella organisms are also bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea, specifically bacillary dysentery. While they can cause severe diarrhea, they are not the viral pathogen typically responsible for acute diarrhea in young children.
Choice D rationale:
Giardia organisms are parasites that can cause gastrointestinal infections leading to diarrhea. However, they are not viruses, and they are less commonly associated with acute diarrhea in children compared to rotavirus.
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