When a nurse reinforces teaching a patient about the nonpharmacologic control of heart disease, which of the following should be included?

A) Nausea and vomiting:
Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal side effects of ibuprofen, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining, leading to nausea, vomiting, or even gastritis and peptic ulcers with long-term use. This is a well-known side effect of NSAIDs, and clients are often advised to take the medication with food to reduce the risk.

B) Drowsiness:
While some individuals may experience fatigue or a mild sedative effect, it is not typically associated with ibuprofen. Other pain medications, such as opioids or certain antihistamines, are more likely to cause drowsiness, but this is rare for ibuprofen.

C) Blurred vision:
While serious side effects of NSAIDs can include vision changes (e.g., from elevated blood pressure or kidney dysfunction), blurred vision is not directly related to ibuprofen use. If blurred vision occurs, it is important to investigate other potential causes or conditions.

D) Increased heart rate:
Ibuprofen primarily affects the inflammatory pathways and the gastrointestinal system, and does not typically cause changes in heart rate. However, in rare cases, NSAIDs can lead to cardiovascular issues such as increased blood pressure, which could indirectly affect heart rate, but tachycardia is not a common or expected side effect.

A) Prevent respiratory infections:
Albuterol does not prevent respiratory infections. It is a bronchodilator, which means it works to relax and open the airways, improving airflow during episodes of bronchospasm (such as during an asthma attack or exacerbation of COPD). Respiratory infections are usually managed by other types of medications, such as antibiotics or antivirals, depending on the type of infection.

B) Decrease mucus production in the lungs:
While albuterol may help improve breathing and airway function by dilating the airways, it does not directly decrease mucus production. Albuterol works to relieve bronchospasms (tightening of the muscles around the airways), making it easier to breathe, but it doesn’t target mucus production. Some other treatments, like mucolytics or expectorants, are more directly aimed at reducing mucus in the lungs.

C) Reduce inflammation in the airways:
Albuterol is not an anti-inflammatory medication. Its main role is as a bronchodilator, which works by relaxing the muscles around the airways, relieving bronchospasm. Inflammation in the airways is a key component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but albuterol does not directly reduce this inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are typically used to address inflammation in COPD.

D) Improve airflow and relieve bronchospasms:
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that works by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways in the lungs, which helps open them up and improves airflow. This action provides quick relief from symptoms of bronchospasm, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, making it the most appropriate explanation for its use in COPD patients.