When a nurse reinforces teaching a patient about the nonpharmacologic control of heart disease, which of the following should be included?
High protein diet
Decrease exercise
Smoking cessation
Increase water intake
The Correct Answer is C
A) High protein diet:
While a healthy diet is essential for managing heart disease, a high-protein diet is not specifically recommended as a nonpharmacologic control for heart disease. A balanced diet that includes adequate protein, healthy fats, and low saturated fats, while being high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is more beneficial for heart health.
B) Decrease exercise:
Decreasing exercise is not recommended for heart disease management. In fact, regular physical activity is a key aspect of preventing and managing heart disease. Moderate exercise, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, helps improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and reducing stress.
C) Smoking cessation:
Smoking cessation is one of the most important nonpharmacologic strategies for managing heart disease. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease because it damages the blood vessels, increases blood pressure, and promotes the formation of blood clots. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease, improve circulation, and lower the risk of heart attack and stroke.
D) Increase water intake:
While staying hydrated is important for overall health, there is no specific evidence to suggest that increasing water intake directly controls heart disease. However, maintaining proper hydration supports kidney function and circulatory health, and can assist with managing blood pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Cardizem:
Cardizem (diltiazem) is a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers work by inhibiting the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, which helps relax the blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
B) Labetalol:
Labetalol is a beta blocker and an alpha-1 blocker. It works by blocking both beta-adrenergic receptors (which help decrease heart rate and blood pressure) and alpha-1 receptors (which cause vasodilation). This dual action makes labetalol effective in treating high blood pressure, especially in patients with conditions like hypertension and hypertensive emergencies. It reduces heart rate and helps relax blood vessels, improving blood flow.
C) Losartan:
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). ARBs work by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict. By blocking this effect, losartan helps lower blood pressure and is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.
D) Simvastatin:
Simvastatin is a statin, which is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels. Statins work by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol production in the liver. They are used primarily to manage high cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease, but they do not have an effect on heart rate or blood pressure, unlike beta blockers.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin and cephalosporins). Over time, bacteria can develop resistance mechanisms, often as a result of antibiotic misuse or overuse, such as not completing a full course of treatment or using antibiotics unnecessarily. MRSA, in particular, can grow resistant to higher and higher doses of standard antibiotics, making treatment more challenging.
B) Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed:
Antibiotic dosages should always be prescribed at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is the lowest concentration of the drug that can inhibit bacterial growth. Prescribing antibiotics below this concentration would not be effective in treating the infection and could contribute to antibiotic resistance.
C) Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present:
Antibiotics, including those prescribed for MRSA, are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral infections. For viral infections (such as the flu or common cold), antibiotics should not be used, as they are ineffective. MRSA is a bacterial infection, and it requires appropriate antibiotic therapy specifically targeted to the bacteria, not a viral infection.
D) Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible:
While broad-spectrum antibiotics are sometimes used in initial treatments when the specific bacterial pathogen is unknown, their overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In the case of MRSA, a more targeted approach with antibiotics specifically effective against resistant strains (like vancomycin or clindamycin) is preferred.
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