A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions?
Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics.
Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed.
Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible.
The Correct Answer is A
A) Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin and cephalosporins). Over time, bacteria can develop resistance mechanisms, often as a result of antibiotic misuse or overuse, such as not completing a full course of treatment or using antibiotics unnecessarily. MRSA, in particular, can grow resistant to higher and higher doses of standard antibiotics, making treatment more challenging.
B) Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed:
Antibiotic dosages should always be prescribed at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is the lowest concentration of the drug that can inhibit bacterial growth. Prescribing antibiotics below this concentration would not be effective in treating the infection and could contribute to antibiotic resistance.
C) Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present:
Antibiotics, including those prescribed for MRSA, are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral infections. For viral infections (such as the flu or common cold), antibiotics should not be used, as they are ineffective. MRSA is a bacterial infection, and it requires appropriate antibiotic therapy specifically targeted to the bacteria, not a viral infection.
D) Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible:
While broad-spectrum antibiotics are sometimes used in initial treatments when the specific bacterial pathogen is unknown, their overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In the case of MRSA, a more targeted approach with antibiotics specifically effective against resistant strains (like vancomycin or clindamycin) is preferred.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Given:
Volume of fluid: 100 mL
Infusion time: 1 hour (60 minutes)
Drop factor: 10 gtt/mL
Formula:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume (mL) / Time (min)) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)
Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate in mL/min:
Infusion rate (mL/min) = Volume (mL) / Time (min)
Infusion rate (mL/min) = 100 mL / 60 min
Infusion rate (mL/min) = 1.67 mL/min
Step 2: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = Infusion rate (mL/min) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 1.67 mL/min x 10 gtt/mL
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 16.7 gtt/min
Step 3: Round to the nearest whole number:
Flow rate (gtt/min) ≈ 17 gtt/min
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Given:
Ordered dose of Augmentin: 250 mg
Drug comes in a 2 gram vial
Reconstituted volume: 77.2 mL
Concentration after reconstitution: 125 mg/5 mL
Step 1: Calculate the total volume of the reconstituted solution:
Total volume = 77.2 mL
Step 2: Calculate the total amount of Augmentin in the solution:
Total amount (mg) = Concentration (mg/mL) x Total volume (mL)
Total amount (mg) = 125 mg/5 mL x 77.2 mL
Total amount (mg) = 1930 mg
Step 3: Determine the number of doses in the vial:
Number of doses = Total amount (mg) / Ordered dose (mg/dose)
Number of doses = 1930 mg / 250 mg/dose
Number of doses = 7.72 doses
Step 4: Calculate the volume per dose:
Volume per dose (mL) = Total volume (mL) / Number of doses
Volume per dose (mL) = 77.2 mL / 7.72 doses
Volume per dose (mL) = 10 mL
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