A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions?
Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics.
Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed.
Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible.
The Correct Answer is A
A) Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin and cephalosporins). Over time, bacteria can develop resistance mechanisms, often as a result of antibiotic misuse or overuse, such as not completing a full course of treatment or using antibiotics unnecessarily. MRSA, in particular, can grow resistant to higher and higher doses of standard antibiotics, making treatment more challenging.
B) Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed:
Antibiotic dosages should always be prescribed at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is the lowest concentration of the drug that can inhibit bacterial growth. Prescribing antibiotics below this concentration would not be effective in treating the infection and could contribute to antibiotic resistance.
C) Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present:
Antibiotics, including those prescribed for MRSA, are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral infections. For viral infections (such as the flu or common cold), antibiotics should not be used, as they are ineffective. MRSA is a bacterial infection, and it requires appropriate antibiotic therapy specifically targeted to the bacteria, not a viral infection.
D) Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible:
While broad-spectrum antibiotics are sometimes used in initial treatments when the specific bacterial pathogen is unknown, their overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In the case of MRSA, a more targeted approach with antibiotics specifically effective against resistant strains (like vancomycin or clindamycin) is preferred.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) "My heart rate may increase":
Digoxin is primarily used to slow the heart rate, not increase it. One of its actions is to increase the force of contraction of the heart while slowing the conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, which typically leads to a decreased heart rate. An increase in heart rate would be an unusual side effect and might indicate digoxin toxicity or another underlying issue.
B) "My vision may get blurred":
A common side effect of digoxin toxicity is visual disturbances, which may include blurred vision, yellow-green halos, or other color vision abnormalities. These symptoms are often associated with elevated digoxin levels in the blood and are a hallmark sign of toxicity.
C) "I may have constipation after taking this medication":
Constipation is not a typical side effect of digoxin. While some medications may cause constipation, this is not a primary or common side effect of digoxin. If constipation occurs, it may be due to other factors, such as diet, other medications, or a comorbid condition.
D) "My abdomen may hurt after taking this medication":
Although abdominal discomfort can be a side effect of many medications, it is not a primary or typical side effect of digoxin. If the patient experiences abdominal pain, it could be related to digoxin toxicity, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Let’s break this down step by step:
Key information:
Formula available: Glucerna 1.2 calories, 237 mL can
Order: Tube feeding at ½ strength (means equal parts formula + water)
Rate: 65 mL/hr
Calculation:
To make ½ strength, you must dilute the formula with an equal volume of water.
Available formula = 237 mL
Therefore, water needed = 237 mL
Correct Answer: A. 237 mL
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