When administering medications to infants, it is essential to remember which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Oral medications are contraindicated in infants.
Breastfeeding infants are more likely to develop toxicity when given lipid-soluble drugs.
Immaturity of renal function in infancy causes infants to excrete drugs less efficiently.
Infants are more sensitive to medications that act on the central nervous system.
Infants have immature livers, which slow drug metabolism.
Correct Answer : C,D,E
a) This is false because oral medications can be given to infants if they are in liquid form, have a suitable dose, and are administered with a dropper or syringe. However, oral medications should be given with caution and only when prescribed by a doctor.
b) This is false because lipid-soluble drugs are not easily passed into breast milk and do not affect breastfeeding infants. However, some drugs can be harmful to breastfeeding infants and should be avoided or used with caution by nursing mothers.
c) Immaturity of renal function in infancy affects drug excretion, potentially leading to prolonged drug effects and increased risk of toxicity.
d) Infants are more sensitive to medications that act on the central nervous system, and dose adjustments may be needed to prevent adverse effects.
e) Immature liver function in infants can slow down drug metabolism and elimination, leading to a higher risk of drug accumulation and toxicity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a) St. John's Wort is known to increase the risk of bleeding, especially when used with anticoagulant medications. This effect is particularly concerning and may require adjustments in the treatment plan.
b) While St. John's Wort can interact with various drugs, increasing the risk of bleeding is a more immediate concern.
c) St. John's Wort does not counteract the effects of CNS depressants; it may actually enhance the effects of these drugs.
d) St. John's Wort is known to induce the metabolism of some drugs, potentially reducing their effectiveness, but this is not as immediately concerning as the risk of bleeding.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a) Stopping all antibiotics and implementing strict use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer is not the appropriate response to the observed symptoms. The focus should be on addressing the potential infection.
b) The symptoms suggest the possibility of Clostridium difficile infection, and discontinuing the cephalosporin is crucial. Vancomycin or metronidazole is commonly used to treat C. difficile infection.
c) Requesting an additional antibiotic to override the effects of the cephalosporin is not the appropriate course of action. The focus should be on discontinuing the causative antibiotic.
d) Increasing the dose of cephalosporin is contraindicated in the presence of suspected C. difficile infection. Isolation measures may be implemented, but the priority is discontinuing the causative antibiotic and initiating appropriate treatment for the infection.
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