Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?
Spleen.
Red bone marrow.
Perivascular tissue.
Kidneys.
Liver.
The Correct Answer is E
Choice A rationale
The spleen is primarily involved in filtering blood, removing old red blood cells, and housing immune cells. While it plays a role in blood storage and immune responses, it is not a primary site for the synthesis of most clotting factors, which are complex proteins.
Choice B rationale
Red bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis, the production of all blood cells, including platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. However, it does not synthesize most of the plasma clotting factors; rather, it produces the cellular components involved in coagulation.
Choice C rationale
Perivascular tissue surrounds blood vessels and contains various cell types, including fibroblasts and adipocytes. While these tissues can contribute to local inflammatory responses or tissue repair, they are not major sites for the systemic synthesis of plasma clotting factors.
Choice D rationale
The kidneys play a vital role in blood filtration, waste excretion, and regulation of blood pressure and erythropoiesis (via erythropoietin). However, the kidneys do not synthesize the majority of the plasma clotting factors required for hemostasis.
Choice E rationale
The liver is the primary site for the synthesis of most plasma clotting factors, including fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, IX, X, and others. Hepatocytes in the liver are responsible for the complex protein synthesis required for the coagulation cascade, making it critical for hemostasis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vaccination works by introducing attenuated (weakened) or inactivated forms of pathogens, or specific pathogen components (antigens), into the body. This exposure triggers the immune system to mount a primary immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and memory cells without causing the actual disease, thus providing future protection.
Choice B rationale
Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs that directly kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are not involved in stimulating the body's immune system for long-term immunity; instead, they provide a direct therapeutic intervention against bacterial infections.
Choice C rationale
Vaccination aims to increase the body's resistance to disease, not its susceptibility. By priming the immune system with harmless forms of pathogens, vaccines enhance the body's ability to quickly and effectively combat future infections, thereby reducing susceptibility.
Choice D rationale
Vaccination does not suppress the immune system's natural response; rather, it activates and enhances it. The purpose of a vaccine is to stimulate a controlled immune response that leads to the development of immunological memory, preparing the immune system for real pathogen exposure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle. The pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Therefore, the mitral valve opening and pulmonary valve closing do not directly correlate with left ventricular contraction in this manner.
Choice B rationale
The right AV valve (tricuspid valve) is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, it is not directly involved with the right AV valve or the pulmonary valve in this specific coordinated sequence.
Choice C rationale
The right AV valve (tricuspid valve) is in the right side of the heart, controlling blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The aortic valve is on the left side of the heart. These two valves do not coordinate in this manner during left ventricular contraction.
Choice D rationale
When the left ventricle contracts during systole, the pressure within the ventricle rises. This increased pressure pushes open the aortic valve, allowing blood to be ejected into the aorta. Simultaneously, the increased ventricular pressure forces the mitral (bicuspid) valve to close, preventing blood from flowing backward into the left atrium.
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