Which activity is an example of primary prevention?
Teaching school-aged children about drug and alcohol abuse.
Assisting a patient with a long history of mental illness learn to manage money.
Encouraging a new amputee to talk about feelings associated with body image changes.
Providing genetic counseling with a middle-aged couple expecting their first child.
Correct Answer : A,D
Choice A rationale
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs by modifying risk factors and promoting health. Teaching school-aged children about the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse falls under this category as it is an intervention directed at a susceptible population to prevent the initial onset of substance use disorders and their related complications later in life, thus maintaining their current health status.
Choice B rationale
This is an example of tertiary prevention, which focuses on rehabilitation and minimizing the long-term effects of a chronic illness or disability. Assisting a person with a long history of mental illness to acquire money management skills helps to improve their functioning and quality of life, prevents further deterioration, and facilitates their optimal level of social integration despite the established mental health condition.
Choice C rationale
This is an example of tertiary prevention. Encouraging an amputee to talk about their feelings addresses the psychosocial consequences of a disability or illness that has already occurred. The goal is to limit the resulting disability by providing emotional support and coping mechanisms to prevent severe psychological distress and facilitate psychological adjustment and rehabilitation to the changed body image and life circumstances.
Choice D rationale
Genetic counseling for a couple who is expecting their first child is a form of primary prevention when it involves assessing the risk of inherited disorders and providing education on preventative measures or reproductive choices to avert the occurrence of a genetic condition in the fetus. This intervention is designed to prevent the development of a disease before its initial appearance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Genuineness (or congruence) involves the nurse's ability to be authentic, transparent, and real in the relationship, aligning their internal feelings and external expressions. While vital for a therapeutic relationship, it focuses on the nurse's self-presentation rather than the cognitive and affective process of accurately understanding the client's internal experience.
Choice B rationale
Positive regard (or respect) is the non-judgmental attitude that accepts the client unconditionally as a person of worth. It establishes a climate of acceptance and trust but primarily addresses the nurse's attitude towards the client, not the specific intellectual and emotional effort to perceive and understand the client's subjective experience.
Choice C rationale
Empathy is the scientific term for the ability to accurately perceive and understand the client's feelings, perspective, and situation as if the nurse were the client, without losing one's own objectivity. This active process requires cognitive understanding of the client's frame of reference and affective sensitivity to their emotional state, directly matching the description provided.
Choice D rationale
A non-judgmental attitude is a core component of positive regard and involves refraining from moral or personal criticism of the client's behavior or choices. It is a necessary precondition for empathy, as judgment inhibits deep understanding, but it is not the process of perceiving and understanding the client's feelings and perspective itself.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Resilience is the dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation and the ability to maintain mental and physical well-being despite experiencing adversity or stress. This statement demonstrates the core tenets of resilience: acknowledging the stressor ("Losing my job was hard") and expressing self-efficacy and a proactive approach to recovery by utilizing existing resources and capabilities ("my skills will help me get another one").
Choice B rationale
This statement reflects hopelessness and pessimism, characterized by a fixed negative outlook on future health despite intervention. Resilience involves maintaining optimism and the expectation of a positive eventual outcome even during hardship, which is directly contradicted by this statement's absolute belief in permanent poor health.
Choice C rationale
This statement illustrates a dependence on others for essential life tasks during a crisis, indicating a lack of resilience or a temporary decompensation under stress. While understandable, resilience involves the ability to manage and function autonomously or to marshal one's own resources to cope with significant loss.
Choice D rationale
This statement is an expression of altruism or parental sacrifice and does not directly relate to the individual's ability to bounce back from personal adversity. Resilience focuses on the self's capacity to adapt and overcome challenges, not on the prioritization of another's well-being over one's own needs or desires.
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