Which are the 3 areas included in the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess levels of consciousness? Select all that Apply.
Verbal respond
Motor respond
Pupillary responds
Gag Reflex
Eye Opening
Correct Answer : A,B
A. The verbal response is one of the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale. It assesses the patient's ability to speak and respond appropriately to questions, indicating their level of consciousness. Responses are scored based on clarity, coherence, and relevance.
B. Motor response is another component of the Glasgow Coma Scale. It evaluates the patient’s ability to move in response to stimuli, including purposeful movements, localizing pain, or abnormal posturing. The motor response helps gauge the patient’s level of consciousness and neurological function.
C. Pupillary response refers to how the pupils react to light and changes in size. While important in neurological assessments, it is not one of the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Pupillary response is assessed separately from the GCS but provides additional information about brain function and potential injury.
D. The gag reflex is a protective mechanism to prevent choking and is assessed by stimulating the back of the throat. It is not included in the Glasgow Coma Scale. The GCS focuses on eye opening, verbal response, and motor response rather than reflexes.
E. Eye opening is the third component of the Glasgow Coma Scale. It assesses the patient’s ability to open their eyes spontaneously or in response to stimuli. This component helps determine the level of consciousness and alertness.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blurred vision is generally associated with visual system issues, which involve the occipital lobe or the visual pathways rather than the frontal lobe. Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe, is involved in speech production and not in vision processing.
B. Difficulty speaking is a key symptom associated with damage to Broca’s area, which is located in the frontal lobe and responsible for speech production. A contusion in this area can lead to expressive aphasia, where the individual has trouble forming grammatically correct sentences and articulating words, while comprehension remains relatively intact.
C. Loss of tactile sensation would generally be associated with damage to the parietal lobe, where the primary somatosensory cortex is located. The parietal lobe processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. Since Broca’s area is located in the frontal lobe and primarily deals with language production, loss of tactile sensation is not typically expected from a frontal lobe contusion affecting Broca's area.
D. Inability to hear high-pitched sounds relates to issues with the auditory pathways or structures involved in hearing, such as the temporal lobe or the auditory cortex, not the frontal lobe. The frontal lobe and Broca’s area do not directly control auditory perception.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is primarily responsible for sensory information from the face and motor control of the muscles of mastication (chewing). It does not carry taste sensations. Instead, it is involved in sensation (e.g., touch, pain, temperature) of the face and mouth, but not taste.
B. The vagus nerve (CN X) has various functions, including parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract, and sensory and motor functions in the throat and voice box. It does contribute to taste sensation in the region of the pharynx and the epiglottis, but it is not primarily responsible for the taste sensation on the posterior third of the tongue.
C. The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is responsible for taste sensation on the posterior one-third of the tongue. It also contributes to the sensory innervation of the pharynx and helps in the regulation of saliva production. This nerve is specifically involved in the taste perception in the back third of the tongue.
D. The facial nerve (CN VII) provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It also controls the muscles of facial expression and contributes to the production of saliva and tears. The facial nerve does not provide taste sensation to the posterior third of the tongue.
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