A patient is diagnosed with Meningitis. During the physical examination in the supine position, the nurse flexed the patient's neck and the patient flexed his knees and hip while complaining of neck pain. This is known as:

Obturator sign

Brudzinski sign

Phalen sign

Tinel sign

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The obturator sign is used to assess for appendicitis, not meningitis. To perform this test, the patient’s right knee is flexed to 90 degrees, and the nurse rotates the hip internally and externally. Pain during this maneuver can indicate irritation of the obturator muscle, which is associated with inflammation of the appendix.

B.   The Brudzinski sign is a clinical test used to assess meningeal irritation. When the patient’s neck is passively flexed while lying supine, a positive Brudzinski sign is indicated if the patient involuntarily flexes their knees and hips in response to neck pain. This sign is often seen in meningitis as a result of irritation of the meninges.
C.   The Phalen sign is used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. The patient flexes their wrists and holds the position for a period of time to see if symptoms of numbness or tingling appear in the fingers, which would indicate median nerve compression at the wrist. This sign is unrelated to meningitis.
D.   The Tinel sign is also used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and other peripheral nerve issues. It involves tapping on the nerve (such as the median nerve at the wrist) to see if it causes tingling or a “pins and needles” sensation along the nerve’s distribution. Like the Phalen sign, it is not related to meningitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Kyphosis is a condition characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a hunchbacked appearance. It often results from degenerative diseases, osteoporosis, or other spinal conditions.
B. Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine, often referred to as "swayback." This condition can be congenital or due to other factors like obesity or pregnancy.
C. Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by decreased bone density and strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is particularly common in postmenopausal women due to decreased estrogen levels, which help maintain bone density.
D. Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It can be congenital, idiopathic, or secondary to other conditions.

A. Dementia B. Delusion C. Depression D. Delirium

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In the Mini-Cog assessment, the inability to recall the three words (which tests short-term memory) while still being able to draw a clock (which tests visuospatial skills) could suggest early cognitive impairment or dementia. Dementia often presents with deficits in memory but may retain some other cognitive functions, like drawing. The result is consistent with a possible diagnosis of dementia, especially if memory issues are noted over time.
B. A delusion is a false belief held despite evidence to the contrary. Delusions are more related to psychiatric disorders and are not primarily assessed by the Mini-Cog. The Mini-Cog does not assess for delusions but rather focuses on cognitive function.
C. Depression can affect cognitive function, sometimes resulting in difficulties with concentration, memory, and other cognitive tasks. While depression can cause cognitive symptoms, it typically presents with other signs such as changes in mood, loss of interest in activities, and changes in sleep patterns.
D. Delirium is an acute, fluctuating change in cognition and attention, often caused by an underlying medical condition, medication, or intoxication. Delirium is characterized by rapid onset and fluctuating levels of consciousness and attention, which is not consistent with the Mini-Cog results showing stable performance on the clock drawing but poor recall.

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A patient is diagnosed with Meningitis. During the physical examination in the supine position, the nurse flexed the patient's neck and the patient flexed his knees and hip while complaining of neck pain. This is known as:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Loss of bone density that occurs with greatest frequency in postmenopausal women is called?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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