A 22-year-old man is brought to the office by his father. The client was diagnosed with schizophrenia 6 months ago and has been taking medication since. The father states that his son's dose isn't high enough and needs to be increased. He states that his son has been hearing things that don't exist. The nurse asks the young man what is going on. He says that his father is just jealous because his sister only talks to him. His father turns to him and says, "Son, you know your sister died 2 years ago!" His son replies "Well, she still talks to me in my head all the time!" Which best describes this client's abnormality of perception?

Hallucination

Perseveration

Fugue state

Illusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   A hallucination is a sensory experience that occurs without any external stimulus. It involves perceiving things that are not present in the environment, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there. The young man hearing his deceased sister talking to him in his head is an example of an auditory hallucination, which is a common symptom in schizophrenia.
B.   Perseveration is the repetitive and persistent repetition of a particular response, such as a word or action, despite the absence of a stimulus or the problem being resolved. It is not related to abnormal sensory perceptions but rather to repetitive behaviors or speech. The young man's experience of hearing voices does not fit this description.
C.   A fugue state is a type of dissociative disorder where a person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home or customary work locations and cannot recall their past. It often involves amnesia for personal history. The scenario described does not involve such travel or amnesia but rather auditory experiences, making this term irrelevant.
D.   An illusion is a misperception of an actual external stimulus. It involves incorrectly interpreting a real sensory input, such as mistaking a shadow for a person. Since the young man is not misinterpreting a real external stimulus but rather hearing something that is not present at all, an illusion does not accurately describe his experience.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Subcutaneous nodules are lumps or masses that can occur beneath the skin, sometimes seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
B. Crepitus refers to a crackling or popping sound heard or felt during joint movement. It is often associated with osteoarthritis or other joint conditions.
C. Warmth or increased temperature over the joint area is a common sign of inflammation. It occurs because inflammation increases blood flow to the affected area.
D. Swelling, or edema, is the accumulation of fluid in the joint space or surrounding tissues. It is a clear sign of inflammation and can be due to increased fluid production or leakage from blood vessels.
E. Redness, or erythema, around the joint is a result of increased blood flow to the area due to inflammation. It is often accompanied by warmth.
F. Tenderness refers to pain or discomfort in the joint area when touched or palpated. It indicates an inflammatory process in the joint.

A. Asked the client to swallow B. Asked the client to extend the tongue C. Asked the client to rock the jaw laterally D. Asked the client to open and close the mouth E. Asked the client to jut the jaw forward

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Swallowing involves the muscles of the throat and esophagus rather than the TMJ.
B. Extending the tongue involves the muscles of the tongue and mouth, which are not directly related to the TMJ.
C. Rocking the jaw laterally (side to side) is a specific movement that involves the TMJ. This movement tests the ability of the TMJ to move the jaw from side to side.
D. Opening and closing the mouth involves the primary hinge movement of the TMJ. This movement assesses the vertical range of motion of the jaw.
E. Jutting the jaw forward (protrusion) involves moving the lower jaw forward in relation to the upper jaw. This movement tests the ability of the TMJ to perform anterior movement.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is conducting a physical examination of the musculoskeletal system of a client who reports having joint pain. Which signs indicate there is inflammation in the joints? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

After a physical assessment, the nurse determines that a client has full range of motion of the temporomandibular joint. Which of the following assessments did the nurse complete with the client? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

The client presents to the nurse stating that his jaws feel "stuck". What joint should the nurse assess?

A patient is able to move both upper arms as follows: active movement against gravity, and some resistance. The nurse should document the muscle strength of the upper arms as:

The nurse is admitting a client to the unit for surgery the next morning. The nurse notes that the client speaks at an accelerated pace and jumps from topic to topic no of which progresses to sensible conversation. What would the nurse document about this client?

A patient is diagnosed with Meningitis. During the physical examination in the supine position, the nurse flexed the patient's neck and the patient flexed his knees and hip while complaining of neck pain. This is known as:

Loss of bone density that occurs with greatest frequency in postmenopausal women is called?

Stroke Warning signs includes? Select all that applied.

A nurse is having difficulty eliciting a patellar reflex. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to have the client do?

The nurse places a coin in the patient's hand, the patient is with eyes closed. The ability to identify an object by feeling it is defined as: