A client who believes they are pregnant is informing the nurse of their pregnancy signs and symptoms. Which of the following findings would the nurse determine are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply
Breast tenderness
Amenorrhea
Frequent urination
Positive pregnancy test
Chadwick sign
Quickening
Correct Answer : A,B,C,F
A. Breast tenderness: Breast tenderness is a common early sign of pregnancy due to hormonal changes, particularly increased estrogen and progesterone. It is a presumptive sign because it is not unique to pregnancy and can occur with other conditions as well.
B. Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea, or the absence of menstruation, is one of the most common early signs of pregnancy. It is considered presumptive because it can also be caused by other factors such as stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances.
C. Frequent urination: Frequent urination occurs due to hormonal changes and increased blood volume, which leads to more fluid being processed by the kidneys. It is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy, though it can also occur with other conditions like urinary tract infections.
D. Positive pregnancy test: A positive pregnancy test detects the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is more definitive than a presumptive sign, but it can sometimes result in false positives due to certain medications or other conditions.
E. Chadwick sign: Chadwick's sign, characterized by the bluish tint of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow, is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is typically observed by a healthcare provider during a physical examination and suggests pregnancy but is not definitive.
F. Quickening: Quickening is the feeling of fetal movement, which typically occurs between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy for first-time mothers. It is a presumptive sign because other conditions, such as gas or muscle spasms, can cause similar sensations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["2.2"]
Explanation
Convert the patient's weight from pounds (lb) to kilograms (kg).
Weight in kg = 38 lb / 2.2 lb/kg
= 17.2727 kg.
Calculate the total desired dose in milligrams (mg).
Desired dose (mg) = Desired dose (mg/kg) × Weight (kg)
= 6.25 mg/kg × 17.2727 kg
= 107.954 mg.
Available concentration of the medication = 50 mg/mL.
Calculate the volume in milliliters (mL) to administer.
Volume (mL) = Desired dose (mg) / Available concentration (mg/mL)
= 107.954 mg / 50 mg/mL
= 2.15908 mL.
Round the answer to the nearest tenths place.
= 2.2 mL.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A reactive test: Two accelerations are visible: one around 15:08 and another near 15:12. Each shows a rise of at least 15 bpm above baseline, lasting ≥15 seconds (1.5 small boxes). This satisfies the definition of a reactive NST, indicating adequate fetal oxygenation and neurologic status.
B. A positive test: This term applies to a contraction stress test (CST), not a nonstress test. A "positive CST" refers to late decelerations following uterine contractions, which is not relevant to this scenario.
C. A negative test: Also a CST term, a negative CST indicates no late decelerations with contractions. In the context of an NST, “negative” is not standard terminology hence not applicable.
D. A non-reactive test: A non-reactive NST shows no qualifying accelerations over a 20-minute period. The strip here clearly shows two accelerations meeting both amplitude and duration criteria, so this option is incorrect.
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