A client who believes they are pregnant is informing the nurse of their pregnancy signs and symptoms. Which of the following findings would the nurse determine are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply

Breast tenderness

Amenorrhea

Frequent urination

Positive pregnancy test

Chadwick sign

Quickening

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,F

A. Breast tenderness: Breast tenderness is a common early sign of pregnancy due to hormonal changes, particularly increased estrogen and progesterone. It is a presumptive sign because it is not unique to pregnancy and can occur with other conditions as well.

B. Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea, or the absence of menstruation, is one of the most common early signs of pregnancy. It is considered presumptive because it can also be caused by other factors such as stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances.

C. Frequent urination: Frequent urination occurs due to hormonal changes and increased blood volume, which leads to more fluid being processed by the kidneys. It is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy, though it can also occur with other conditions like urinary tract infections.

D. Positive pregnancy test: A positive pregnancy test detects the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is more definitive than a presumptive sign, but it can sometimes result in false positives due to certain medications or other conditions.

E. Chadwick sign: Chadwick's sign, characterized by the bluish tint of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow, is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is typically observed by a healthcare provider during a physical examination and suggests pregnancy but is not definitive.

F. Quickening: Quickening is the feeling of fetal movement, which typically occurs between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy for first-time mothers. It is a presumptive sign because other conditions, such as gas or muscle spasms, can cause similar sensations.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Nothing feels nicer than a hot sauna after exercise": Hot saunas should be avoided during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, as they can raise the body temperature to unsafe levels, potentially leading to dehydration, overheating, or harm to the developing fetus.

B. "The gym gets hot and stuffy by midmorning": While the temperature of the gym may be uncomfortable, it is not inherently unsafe unless the environment becomes excessively hot or poorly ventilated. The concern here would be ensuring the client avoids overheating by taking breaks and staying hydrated.

C. "I'm learning to play table tennis": Table tennis is a low-impact activity that is generally safe during pregnancy. It does not involve high-intensity or risky movements that could cause harm to the pregnant individual or the baby.

D. "I limit exercising to low-impact aerobics": Low-impact aerobics is generally considered a safe form of exercise during pregnancy, as it minimizes stress on the joints and reduces the risk of injury. This comment indicates that the client is making appropriate exercise choices.

A. Controls the risk of hypertension while pregnant. B. Sustains a slow and steady weight gain while pregnant C. Prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus D. Maintains energy throughout the pregnancy

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Controls the risk of hypertension while pregnant: Folic acid does not have a direct role in controlling hypertension during pregnancy. Other factors, such as a balanced diet, exercise, and medication (if necessary), are typically involved in managing hypertension.

B. Sustains a slow and steady weight gain while pregnant: Folic acid does not directly influence weight gain during pregnancy. Its primary role is in fetal development, particularly in preventing neural tube defects, rather than managing weight.

C. Prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus: Folic acid is essential in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly. It is recommended for all women of reproductive age, especially during the first trimester, to reduce the risk of these birth defects.

D. Maintains energy throughout the pregnancy: While folic acid is important for cell growth and development, it is not responsible for maintaining energy during pregnancy. Proper nutrition, rest, and overall health contribute to energy levels during pregnancy.

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A client who believes they are pregnant is informing the nurse of their pregnancy signs and symptoms. Which of the following findings would the nurse determine are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply

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