Which assessment technique should the nurse use to confirm the presence of papilledema in a client with a rapidly decreasing level of consciousness?
Inspection.
Auscultation.
Palpation.
Percussion.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Inspection. Papilledema, swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, is primarily assessed through inspection of the optic disc using an ophthalmoscope. The nurse would look for optic disc swelling and blurred disc margins.
B. Auscultation. Auscultation is not appropriate for assessing papilledema, as it involves listening for sounds such as heart, lung, or bowel sounds.
C. Palpation. Palpation is not appropriate for assessing papilledema, as it involves touching and feeling for abnormalities, which would not be possible with the optic disc.
D. Percussion. Percussion is not appropriate for assessing papilledema, as it involves tapping the body surface to elicit sounds or vibrations, which would not provide information about the optic disc.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Explaining the exam: Preschool-aged children might not fully understand the need for an exam, and this might not alleviate their anxiety.
B. Talking to parent and focusing on toy: This strategy prioritizes calming the child first. Talking to the parent helps gather information while the nurse gradually gains the child's trust by acknowledging their toy. This can create a more positive and collaborative environment.
C. Completing assessment while crying: This can be stressful for the child and might hinder an accurate assessment.
D. Requesting extra staff: While additional support might be helpful, the initial approach should focus on building rapport with the child.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increase fibre in diet and add daily prune juice: Increasing dietary fibre and adding prune juice can help promote bowel movements and relieve constipation. However, this is a long-term solution and might not address any immediate underlying issues.
B. Perform a digital examination for faecal impaction: This invasive procedure can confirm or rule out faecal impaction, which is a potential cause of severe constipation, especially in older adults. However, it's not typically the first step without further assessment.
C. Assess type and frequency of physical activities: Physical activity affects bowel motility. Assessing activity levels can provide insight into one possible cause of constipation. However, this should come after assessing more direct symptoms.
D. Check bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness: This is a non-invasive initial assessment that can provide important information about the client's bowel activity and potential obstructions. It helps determine the next steps for diagnosis and treatment.
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