When inspecting the client's skin, the nurse observes several areas of ecchymosis on the trunk and extremities. Which information in the client's history requires additional follow-up by the nurse?

Takes an oral anticoagulant.

Works in a day care center.

Adheres to a gluten free diet.

Recently had dental surgery.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Takes an oral anticoagulant. Ecchymosis, or bruising, can be a side effect of anticoagulant therapy and may indicate potential bleeding issues that require further assessment.

B. Works in a day care centre. While exposure to children might increase the risk of minor injuries, it is less likely to be directly related to the ecchymosis observed.

C. Adheres to a gluten-free diet. This dietary preference is not likely to be directly related to the ecchymosis observed.

D. Recently had dental surgery. While recent surgery might be relevant, it is less likely to cause widespread ecchymosis unless there were complications.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Longitudinal pigmented bands and red-brown linear streaks of recent onset. This description is more indicative of longitudinal melanonychia, which presents as pigmented bands along the length of the nail plate. It's not typically associated with finger clubbing.

B. Thinned, depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up to form a concave profile and proximal subungual fungal infection. This description suggests koilonychia, also known as spoon nails, which are characterized by thin, depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up. The mention of a fungal infection points to a different condition. It doesn't align with finger clubbing.

C. Transverse furrows and nail plate white spots that move forward with nail growth. This description corresponds to Beau's lines and leukonychia, which are not associated with finger clubbing. Beau's lines are transverse furrows or depressions in the nail plate, while leukonychia manifests as white spots or lines.

D. A nail base angle greater than 180 degrees and nail plate loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally. This description fits the characteristics of finger clubbing, where there's an increased nail base angle (greater than 180 degrees) and the nail plate is loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally. This choice aligns with the assessment finding.

A. Triceps skin fold and mid-arm circumference. B. Twenty-four-hour food recall, preferences, and allergies. C. Weight loss history and body surface area (BSA) D. Body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Triceps skin fold and mid-arm circumference. These measurements can provide some indication of nutritional status, but they may not be as reliable in older adults due to changes in body composition and skin elasticity.

B. Twenty-four-hour food recall, preferences, and allergies. While dietary information is important, it may not accurately reflect the client's current nutritional status.

C. Weight loss history and body surface area (BSA). While weight loss history is relevant, BSA is not typically used to assess nutritional status.

D. Body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level. BMI is a commonly used indicator of nutritional status, and serum albumin level reflects protein status, which is important for assessing malnutrition.

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When inspecting the client's skin, the nurse observes several areas of ecchymosis on the trunk and extremities. Which information in the client's history requires additional follow-up by the nurse?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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