Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by kidney damage due to prolonged high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic retinopathy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure. Prolonged high blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

d. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Metformin primarily improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.

b. This choice is incorrect. Glipizide stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin used in insulin therapy.

A. Avoid carbohydrates completely to prevent blood sugar spikes. B. Consume high amounts of sugary snacks to maintain energy levels. C. Include a variety of whole grains, lean proteins, and vegetables in meals. D. Limit fluid intake to prevent excessive urination.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Including a variety of whole grains, lean proteins, and vegetables in meals is an appropriate dietary recommendation for a client with diabetes. Carbohydrates should not be completely avoided (choice a), and sugary snacks should be limited (choice b). Adequate fluid intake is important, and there is no need to restrict fluids (choice d).

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Carbohydrates are an important source of energy and should not be completely avoided. The focus should be on managing portion sizes and making healthy carbohydrate choices.

b. This choice is incorrect. Consuming high amounts of sugary snacks can lead to blood sugar spikes and is not recommended for individuals with diabetes.

d. This choice is incorrect. Adequate fluid intake is important for overall health and is not typically restricted in diabetes management.

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Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by kidney damage due to prolonged high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following is an appropriate dietary recommendation for a client with diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus is related to long-standing hyperglycemia and may result in slow wound healing and frequent infections?

Which laboratory test is commonly used to monitor long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus by measuring average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an absolute insulin deficiency?

Which blood glucose level range is considered indicative of prediabetes?

Which of the following accurately describes the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

Which medication works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, facilitating glucose uptake by cells, and is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which diagnostic test is used to assess the body's ability to clear glucose from the blood and is commonly used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?