Which clinical manifestation would be required to confirm the diagnosis of Parkinson disease?

Rigidity only

Bradykinesia only

Tremors at rest and bradykinesia

Tremor at rest and flaccidity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Rigidity alone is insufficient for a Parkinson disease diagnosis. While rigidity, due to dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia, is a core symptom, diagnostic criteria require additional features like bradykinesia or rest tremors. Rigidity can occur in other conditions, making it non-specific without accompanying symptoms.

Choice B reason: Bradykinesia alone, characterized by slow movement from basal ganglia dysfunction, is a key Parkinson disease feature but insufficient for diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria typically require bradykinesia plus rest tremor or rigidity to confirm PD, as bradykinesia can also occur in other neurological disorders.

Choice C reason: Tremors at rest and bradykinesia are cardinal features of Parkinson disease, resulting from dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. Rest tremors, typically unilateral, and slowed movements are diagnostic hallmarks, often accompanied by rigidity or postural instability, making this combination critical for confirming PD.

Choice D reason: Tremor at rest with flaccidity is not consistent with Parkinson disease. PD involves rigidity, not flaccidity, due to increased muscle tone from basal ganglia dysfunction. Flaccidity suggests other conditions, like lower motor neuron disorders, making this choice incorrect for PD diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: In terminal Alzheimer’s disease, severe neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus impairs language centers, reducing speech to a few words or none. This reflects advanced cognitive decline, a hallmark of the terminal phase, making this an expected finding.

Choice B reason: Terminal Alzheimer’s patients require cueing to eat due to apraxia and severe cognitive impairment, disrupting motor planning and recognition of food. This dependency is expected as brain function deteriorates, making this a correct finding.

Choice C reason: Inability to sit up in terminal Alzheimer’s results from progressive motor cortex damage and muscle weakness. Advanced neurodegeneration impairs physical function, requiring full support, making this an expected finding in the terminal phase.

Choice D reason: Needing assistance with finances occurs early in Alzheimer’s due to cognitive decline but is not specific to the terminal phase. Terminal patients are typically non-communicative and bedridden, making financial management irrelevant, so this choice is incorrect.

A. Eating disorders do not affect the kidneys B. Eating disorders can prevent the onset of the menstrual cycle C. Anorexia can cause hypertension D. Bulimia has no long-term health effects

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Eating disorders, like anorexia, can impair kidney function due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, leading to acute kidney injury or chronic damage. This statement is incorrect, as it denies the well-documented renal complications, indicating a lack of understanding.

Choice B reason: Eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, can prevent menstrual cycle onset (amenorrhea) due to severe weight loss and hormonal disruption, reducing estrogen production. This statement reflects accurate understanding of the endocrine effects of eating disorders, consistent with effective teaching.

Choice C reason: Anorexia typically causes hypotension, not hypertension, due to reduced blood volume from malnutrition and dehydration. Hypertension is not a common effect, making this statement incorrect and indicative of misunderstanding the cardiovascular impacts of eating disorders.

Choice D reason: Bulimia has significant long-term health effects, including dental decay, electrolyte imbalances, and esophageal damage from vomiting. Claiming no long-term effects is incorrect, showing a lack of understanding of bulimia’s physiological consequences, unlike the accurate menstrual cycle statement.

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Which clinical manifestation would be required to confirm the diagnosis of Parkinson disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is planning care for a client who has Alzheimer’s disease and is in the terminal phase. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a group of clients about the health effects of eating disorders. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is unable to make any decisions for themself and needs constant reassurance. The nurse should identify that these are manifestations of which of the following personality disorders?

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