Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones in the urine, leading to metabolic acidosis and potentially life-threatening complications?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetic neuropathy.
Diabetic retinopathy.
The Correct Answer is A
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by high blood glucose levels, the presence of ketones in the urine, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. It can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function.
c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.
d. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Soaking feet in hot water can lead to burns and is not recommended for individuals with diabetes, as they may have reduced sensation. Warm water and gentle cleaning are more appropriate for foot care.
Incorrect choices:
a. This statement is correct. Daily inspection of the feet is important to detect any cuts, sores, or blisters early and prevent complications.
c. This statement is correct. Wearing comfortable shoes and avoiding high heels helps protect the feet and prevent injuries.
d. This statement is correct. Moisturizing the feet regularly can help prevent dry skin, which can lead to cracks and potential infections.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Metformin primarily improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
b. This choice is incorrect. Glipizide stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin used in insulin therapy.
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