Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

Increased sensitivity of cells to insulin.

Insulin resistance in target tissues.

Excess insulin production by the pancreas.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance occurs, meaning that the body's cells do not respond effectively to the action of insulin. This leads to decreased glucose uptake by cells and elevated blood sugar levels.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells is characteristic of type 1 diabetes, not type 2.

b. This choice is incorrect. Increased sensitivity of cells to insulin would result in improved glucose uptake and reduced hyperglycemia.

d. This choice is incorrect. Excess insulin production by the pancreas is not a typical mechanism in type 2 diabetes.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This statement is incorrect because it inaccurately suggests that insulin administration is only necessary for type 1 diabetes. While it is essential for type 1 diabetes, it can also be used in some cases of type 2 diabetes when other treatments are ineffective.

Incorrect choices:

a. This statement is correct. Insulin facilitates the entry of glucose into cells for energy.

b. This statement is correct. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and released in response to elevated blood sugar levels.

d. This statement is correct. In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance occurs, meaning the body's cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin.

A. Oral antidiabetic medication therapy. B. Basal-bolus insulin therapy. C. Sliding-scale insulin therapy. D. Insulin glargine therapy.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Basal-bolus insulin therapy involves administering a continuous basal insulin infusion to provide background insulin coverage and delivering bolus doses of insulin before meals to cover postprandial glucose elevations.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Oral antidiabetic medications are not used in basal-bolus insulin therapy.

c. This choice is incorrect. Sliding-scale insulin therapy involves adjusting insulin doses based on current blood glucose levels, rather than providing consistent basal and mealtime coverage.

d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin glargine therapy provides long-acting basal insulin coverage but does not involve bolus doses before meals.

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Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is explaining the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about the importance of blood sugar monitoring. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Which diagnostic test is used to assess glucose tolerance and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?