Which cultural group is known for women who may remain stoic until late in labor, at which point they may become vocal and request pain relief?
Hispanic
Chinese
Caucasian/European
African-American
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Hispanic women: While Hispanic cultures often emphasize strength and resilience, their expression of pain during labor can vary significantly. Some may vocalize their pain while others may remain more stoic. It's important to avoid generalizations and assess each individual's preferences and needs.
Choice B rationale:
Chinese women: In traditional Chinese culture, stoicism in the face of pain is often valued. This may be rooted in Confucianism, which emphasizes self-control and endurance. Women may be less likely to express their pain during labor to avoid appearing weak or losing face. They may also believe that vocalizing pain could negatively impact the birthing process. However, as labor progresses, they may become more vocal and request pain relief.
Choice C rationale:
Caucasian/European women: Caucasian women exhibit diverse responses to labor pain, influenced by personal experiences, cultural beliefs, and social expectations. Some may express their pain openly, while others may prefer to manage it quietly. It's crucial to avoid stereotyping and provide individualized care.
Choice D rationale:
African-American women: African-American women often express their pain during labor more openly than some other cultural groups. This may be due to historical experiences of racism and discrimination in healthcare, leading to a distrust of medical professionals and a greater reliance on self-advocacy. They may also have a stronger sense of community and support networks that encourage open expression of pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and body, reversing the effects of opioids. This includes respiratory depression, which is a major concern in neonates exposed to opioids during labor.
Nalbuphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist. This means that it has both agonist and antagonist effects at opioid receptors. At low doses, it acts primarily as an agonist, providing pain relief. However, at higher doses, it can also act as an antagonist, blocking the effects of other opioids.
Naloxone can effectively reverse the respiratory depression caused by nalbuphine in neonates. It is a safe and effective medication that is commonly used for this purpose.
Naloxone should be readily available whenever opioids are administered to a laboring woman. This is to ensure that it can be administered promptly if the neonate experiences respiratory depression.
Choice B rationale:
Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug. It works by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. This can cause a number of effects, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
Ephedrine is not effective in reversing the respiratory depression caused by opioids. It may even worsen the situation by increasing the neonate's oxygen demand.
Ephedrine is not a safe or effective medication for use in neonates. It can cause serious side effects, such as tachycardia, hypertension, and arrhythmias.
Choice C rationale:
Promethazine is a phenothiazine antiemetic. It is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting.
Promethazine does not have any effects on opioid receptors. It is not effective in reversing the respiratory depression caused by opioids.
Promethazine can cause sedation and respiratory depression in neonates. It should be used with caution in this population.
Choice D rationale:
Fentanyl is a potent opioid analgesic. It is similar to nalbuphine in that it is an opioid agonist.
Fentanyl would not be effective in reversing the respiratory depression caused by nalbuphine. In fact, it would likely worsen the situation by further depressing the neonate's respiratory system.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Urine output (UO) does not completely stop during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure. While it is significantly reduced, some urine production still occurs. Complete cessation of urine output is known as anuria, which is a more severe condition and a medical emergency.
Anuria may occur in the most severe cases of acute renal failure, but it is not the defining characteristic of the oliguric phase.
It's crucial to distinguish between oliguria and anuria, as their management approaches differ significantly.
Choice B rationale:
During the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, urine output (UO) is less than 400 mL/24 hours. This is the defining characteristic of this phase.
The decrease in urine output is due to damage to the kidneys' filtering units, known as nephrons. As a result, the kidneys are unable to filter waste products and excess fluids effectively from the blood, leading to their accumulation in the body.
This reduced urine output can lead to various complications, including fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and a buildup of waste products in the blood (uremia).
Choice C rationale:
Urine output (UO) is always measured during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure. It is a vital clinical indicator to monitor the severity of kidney dysfunction and guide treatment decisions.
Accurate measurement of urine output is essential for assessing fluid balance, kidney function, and the effectiveness of treatment interventions.
Choice D rationale:
Urine output (UO) is not greater than 500 mL/24 hours during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure. A urine output greater than 500 mL/24 hours would indicate a non-oliguric phase of acute renal failure or a potential recovery phase.
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