Which diagnostic test is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus (DI) and distinguish between central and nephrogenic DI?
Blood glucose test.
Serum electrolyte panel.
Urine osmolality.
Water deprivation test.
The Correct Answer is D
The water deprivation test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes insipidus and differentiate between central and nephrogenic DI. During this test, the client is deprived of fluids while their urine output and concentration are monitored.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Blood glucose testing is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
b. This choice is incorrect. A serum electrolyte panel may provide information about electrolyte imbalances, but it is not the primary diagnostic test for diabetes insipidus.
c. This choice is incorrect. Urine osmolality may be measured as part of the diagnostic evaluation for diabetes insipidus, but it is not the primary diagnostic test.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
In diabetes insipidus, the inability to concentrate urine leads to diluted urine with low osmolality. An elevated urine osmolality is indicative of the inability to properly conserve water.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Low blood glucose levels are not characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
c. This choice is incorrect. Hypernatremia, or elevated sodium levels, can result from excessive fluid loss in diabetes insipidus, but it is not a direct diagnostic indicator.
d. This choice is incorrect. High urine glucose levels are indicative of diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
In diabetes insipidus, the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to decreased water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in increased urine output. The urine produced is dilute and lacks the normal concentration of solutes.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.
c. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, and the urine becomes dilute, not concentrated.
d. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.
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