Which disease process has a manifestation of excessive production in mucus?
Emphysema
Peripheral vascular disease
Heart failure
Bronchitis
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Emphysema destroys alveoli, causing air trapping and dyspnea, but doesn’t involve excessive mucus production, focusing on structural loss, not glandular activity.
Choice B reason: Peripheral vascular disease impairs arterial flow, causing ischemia and pain, not affecting airways or mucus glands, unrelated to respiratory secretions.
Choice C reason: Heart failure leads to fluid in alveoli (edema), causing crackles, but not excessive mucus, as it’s a circulatory, not inflammatory airway issue.
Choice D reason: Bronchitis inflames bronchial tubes, overactivating goblet cells to produce excess mucus, leading to productive cough, a hallmark of this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Lactulose doesn’t lower glucose; it’s a sugar metabolized by gut bacteria, unrelated to blood sugar control in cirrhosis, where glucose issues stem elsewhere.
Choice B reason: In cirrhosis, lactulose traps ammonia in the gut by acidifying it, promoting excretion and reducing toxic levels that cause hepatic encephalopathy, the primary goal.
Choice C reason: Potassium levels aren’t directly reduced by lactulose; it affects ammonia via gut pH, not electrolytes like potassium, which may rise in renal issues.
Choice D reason: Bicarbonate isn’t targeted by lactulose; it’s a buffer altered in acid-base imbalances, not the focus in cirrhosis where ammonia reduction is critical.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, treats allergies or sleep issues by blocking histamine, not addressing heart failure’s fluid overload or cardiac dysfunction.
Choice B reason: Epinephrine boosts heart rate and pressure in emergencies like anaphylaxis, but it worsens heart failure by increasing cardiac workload, not reducing fluid.
Choice C reason: Propylthiouracil treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone, unrelated to heart failure’s need for fluid management or cardiac support.
Choice D reason: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, reduces fluid overload in heart failure by increasing urine output, relieving pulmonary edema and systemic congestion effectively.
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