Which drug group inhibits the formation of clots?
Antibiotics
Analgesics
Antidepressants
Anticoagulants
The Correct Answer is D
A) Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medications used to treat infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. They do not have any direct effect on clot formation. Antibiotics work by targeting specific parts of bacterial cells, such as cell walls, proteins, or DNA, but they do not interfere with the blood coagulation system. Therefore, antibiotics are not a drug group that inhibits clot formation.
B) Analgesics
Analgesics are pain-relieving medications used to reduce pain, and they include both non-opioid (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs) and opioid medications (e.g., morphine, oxycodone). While some analgesics, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can affect platelet function and may slightly influence clotting, their primary function is to relieve pain.
C) Antidepressants
Antidepressants are medications used to treat mood disorders, including depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions. These drugs work by altering the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine. Antidepressants do not directly affect blood clotting mechanisms, although some classes, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can have mild anticoagulant effects due to their impact on platelet aggregation.
D) Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants inhibit the coagulation cascade, a series of complex biochemical reactions that lead to the formation of a blood clot. Common examples of anticoagulants include warfarin, heparin, and the newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as rivaroxaban and apixaban. Anticoagulants are primarily used to reduce the risk of clot formation in conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and atrial fibrillation (AF), and they are essential in managing and preventing clot-related complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Nausea
Nausea is not the most common or primary complication associated with thrombolytic drugs. While some patients may experience nausea as a minor side effect, it is not the hallmark complication of thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic drugs are used to dissolve blood clots, and their primary concern is related to bleeding due to their potent effect on clotting factors.
B) Hypertension
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not typically associated with thrombolytic therapy. In fact, thrombolytic drugs are more likely to cause hypotension (low blood pressure) in some cases, especially if bleeding complications lead to significant blood loss.
C) Fever
Fever can occur as a side effect of many medications or conditions, but it is not a common or direct complication of thrombolytic therapy. Fever may occasionally arise as a response to infection, inflammation, or even the breakdown of clots, but it is not a primary concern when using thrombolytic drugs.
D) Bleeding
Bleeding is the most common and serious complication associated with thrombolytic drugs. These medications work by breaking down fibrin, the protein responsible for clot formation, to dissolve blood clots. While this is beneficial in conditions like myocardial infarction, stroke, or pulmonary embolism, it increases the risk of bleeding throughout the body. Bleeding can occur at various sites, including internal bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and bleeding at the injection site.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Given:
Ordered dose of phenobarbital: 6 mg/kg/day divided equally every 12 hours
Patient weight: 44 lbs
Concentration of phenobarbital elixir: 20 mg/5 mL
Step 1: Convert patient weight from pounds to kilograms:
1 pound (lb) = 0.453592 kilograms (kg)
Patient weight in kg = 44 lbs x 0.453592 kg/lb = 19.958 kg
Step 2: Calculate the total daily dose of phenobarbital:
Total daily dose (mg) = Ordered dose (mg/kg/day) x Patient weight (kg)
Total daily dose (mg) = 6 mg/kg/day x 19.958 kg
Total daily dose (mg) = 119.748 mg/day
Step 3: Calculate the dose per administration:
Dose per administration (mg) = Total daily dose (mg) / Number of administrations per day
Dose per administration (mg) = 119.748 mg/day / 2 administrations/day
Dose per administration (mg) = 59.874 mg
Step 4: Calculate the volume to be administered per dose:
Volume (mL) = Dose per administration (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
Volume (mL) = 59.874 mg / (20 mg/5 mL)
Volume (mL) = 59.874 mg x (5 mL / 20 mg)
Volume (mL) = 14.9685 mL
Step 5: Round to the nearest whole number:
Volume (mL) ≈ 15 mL
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