Which explanation best describes the most common cause of duodenal ulcers?
Fewer numbers of parietal cells in the gastric mucosa
Helicobacter pylori infection
Slowed gastric emptying
Frequent use of acetaminophen
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Fewer numbers of parietal cells in the gastric mucosa is not the best explanation because it is a condition that affects the production of gastric acid, not the development of duodenal ulcers. Parietal cells are the cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid helps to digest food and kill bacteria, while intrinsic factor helps to absorb vitamin B12. Fewer numbers of parietal cells can cause hypochlorhydria, which is a low level of gastric acid, or pernicious anemia, which is a deficiency of vitamin B12. Hypochlorhydria can increase the risk of bacterial overgrowth and infections, while pernicious anemia can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and neurological problems.
Choice B reason: Helicobacter pylori infection is the best explanation because it is the most common cause of duodenal ulcers, which are sores that form in the lining of the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach and the duodenum. It can damage the protective layer of mucus that covers the lining of the digestive tract, exposing it to the gastric acid and causing inflammation and ulceration. Helicobacter pylori infection can also increase the production of gastrin, which is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, and decrease the production of somatostatin, which is a hormone that inhibits the secretion of gastric acid.
Choice C reason: Slowed gastric emptying is not the best explanation because it is a condition that affects the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine, not the development of duodenal ulcers. Gastric emptying is the process of passing the food that has been partially digested in the stomach to the duodenum, where it is further broken down and absorbed. Slowed gastric emptying can be caused by various factors, such as diabetes, medications, or nerve damage, and can result in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, or fullness.
Choice D reason: Frequent use of acetaminophen is not the best explanation because it is a factor that affects the development of gastric ulcers, not duodenal ulcers. Acetaminophen is a type of medication that is used to relieve pain and fever. It can cause gastric ulcers by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are substances that protect the lining of the stomach from the gastric acid and promote healing. Acetaminophen can also cause liver damage if taken in high doses or for a long time.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Enlargement of the spleen is not a common sign of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but it may occur in some cases. It is more likely to be associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or Hodgkin lymphoma.
Choice B reason: Confusion and agitation are not typical symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but they may indicate central nervous system involvement or metabolic disturbances. They are more common in patients with brain tumors or infections.
Choice C reason: Frequent respiratory infections are a possible manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as the disease affects the immune system and makes the client more susceptible to infections. The respiratory tract is one of the most common sites of infection in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Choice D reason: Painful lesions of the lips and oral mucosa are not characteristic of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but they may be caused by other conditions such as herpes simplex virus, aphthous ulcers, or oral cancer. They are more common in patients with immunodeficiency or poor oral hygiene.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Blood clots in the peripheral blood vessels are not a cause of anemia, but a complication of it. They may occur due to increased blood viscosity, reduced blood flow, or hypercoagulability. They may cause tissue ischemia, pain, and necrosis.
Choice B reason: Decrease in bone marrow platelet production is not a cause of anemia, but a result of it. It may occur due to bone marrow suppression, infiltration, or destruction. It may cause bleeding, bruising, and petechiae.
Choice C reason: Increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes is not a cause of anemia, but a sign of it. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that are released from the bone marrow to compensate for the loss of mature red blood cells. They indicate a regenerative response to anemia.
Choice D reason: Redistribution of blood to the heart and brain is a compensatory mechanism for anemia. It occurs to maintain adequate oxygen delivery to the vital organs. It causes vasoconstriction and shunting of blood away from the skin and mucous membranes, resulting in pallor.
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