The nurse cares for a client who has had a left-sided intracerebral hemorrhage. The client is unable to detect light and pain touch on the right arm. Which explanation best describes these observations?
Compression of white matter in the brain and spinal cord
Decreased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain stem
Decreased levels of neurotransmitters in the pons and medulla
Edema and necrosis of the parietal lobe neurons
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Compression of white matter in the brain and spinal cord is not the best explanation because it is a condition that affects the transmission of nerve impulses, not the perception of sensory stimuli. White matter is the part of the nervous system that consists of myelinated axons, which are the extensions of nerve cells that carry electrical signals from one cell to another. Compression of white matter can be caused by various factors, such as tumors, trauma, or inflammation, and can result in symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or paralysis.
Choice B reason: Decreased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain stem is not the best explanation because it is a condition that affects the regulation of muscle tone, not the perception of sensory stimuli. GABA is a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical messenger that transmits signals between nerve cells. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means that it reduces the activity of the nerve cells that it binds to. GABA is mainly found in the brain stem, which is the part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the cerebrum and cerebellum, and controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Decreased levels of GABA in the brain stem can cause symptoms such as spasticity, rigidity, or tremors.
Choice C reason: Decreased levels of neurotransmitters in the pons and medulla is not the best explanation because it is a condition that affects the coordination of movements, not the perception of sensory stimuli. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between nerve cells. The pons and the medulla are parts of the brain stem that are involved in the control of voluntary and involuntary movements, such as chewing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and blinking. Decreased levels of neurotransmitters in the pons and the medulla can cause symptoms such as ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, or nystagmus.
Choice D reason: Edema and necrosis of the parietal lobe neurons is the best explanation because it is a condition that affects the processing of sensory stimuli, such as touch, pain, temperature, and position. The parietal lobe is the part of the cerebrum that is responsible for integrating and interpreting sensory information from different parts of the body. The parietal lobe is divided into two hemispheres, each corresponding to the opposite side of the body. A left-sided intracerebral hemorrhage is a condition where a blood vessel in the left parietal lobe ruptures, causing bleeding and swelling in the brain tissue. This can damage the neurons, which are the nerve cells that communicate with each other and form the basis of the nervous system. Edema and necrosis of the parietal lobe neurons can cause symptoms such as loss of sensation, neglect, or agnosia on the right side of the body.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Weight gain is not a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease causes inflammation and ulceration of the digestive tract, which can lead to malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss.
Choice B reason: Perianal fistula is a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease can cause deep ulcers that penetrate the bowel wall and create abnormal connections between the bowel and the skin around the anus. Perianal fistulas can cause pain, bleeding, infection, and fecal incontinence.
Choice C reason: Vomiting after meals is not a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease mainly affects the small intestine and the colon, not the stomach. Vomiting after meals can be a sign of gastric ulcers, gastritis, or gastroparesis.
Choice D reason: Urinary tract infections are not a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease does not directly affect the urinary system. However, some people with Crohn's disease may develop enterovesical fistulas, which are abnormal connections between the bowel and the bladder. Enterovesical fistulas can cause urinary tract infections, hematuria, and pneumaturia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Facial muscle atrophy is not the expected finding because it is a condition where the facial muscles lose their mass and strength, which can be caused by various factors, such as aging, nerve damage, or muscular dystrophy. Facial muscle atrophy is not a common manifestation of myxedema, which is a severe form of hypothyroidism, which is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and growth of the body.
Choice B reason: Facial and periorbital edema is the expected finding because it is a characteristic manifestation of myxedema, which is caused by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates that are normally found in the connective tissues. Mucopolysaccharides can attract water and cause swelling of the tissues, especially in the face and around the eyes. Facial and periorbital edema can also cause the facial features to appear coarse and puffy, and the eyelids to droop.
Choice C reason: Facial muscle twitching is not the expected finding because it is a condition where the facial muscles contract involuntarily, which can be caused by various factors, such as stress, fatigue, or caffeine. Facial muscle twitching is not a common manifestation of myxedema, which can cause the facial muscles to become weak and slow, and the facial expressions to become dull and flat.
Choice D reason: Unilateral ptosis is not the expected finding because it is a condition where one eyelid droops lower than the other, which can be caused by various factors, such as nerve damage, stroke, or tumor. Unilateral ptosis is not a common manifestation of myxedema, which can cause bilateral ptosis, which is the drooping of both eyelids, due to the edema and weakness of the eyelid muscles.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today