Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Decreased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

Decreased elasticity of blood vessels.

Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).

Decreased fluid volume.

Increased blood viscosity.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

(A) Decreased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS): The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure. When the SNS is stimulated, it causes vasoconstriction, or narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. Therefore, decreased stimulation of the SNS would typically lead to vasodilation, or widening of the blood vessels, which would lower blood pressure, not increase it.

(B) Decreased elasticity of blood vessels: As people age, their blood vessels can lose elasticity, which can lead to hypertension. When blood vessels are elastic, they can easily expand and contract with each heartbeat, maintaining a healthy blood pressure. But when they become stiff or rigid, they can’t expand as easily, causing the pressure inside to increase.

(c) Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR): Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance that blood must overcome to flow through the blood vessels. The more resistance, the harder the heart has to work to pump blood through the body, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Factors that can increase PVR include vasoconstriction, or narrowing of the blood vessels, and increased blood viscosity, or thickness.

(D) Decreased fluid volume: Decreased fluid volume, or hypovolemia, would typically lead to a decrease in blood pressure, not an increase. This is because blood pressure is directly related to the volume of blood in the blood vessels. When there’s less blood, the pressure inside the blood vessels is usually lower.

(E) Increased blood viscosity: Blood viscosity refers to the thickness of the blood. When blood is thicker, it’s harder for it to flow through the blood vessels, which increases the resistance to blood flow, leading to increased blood pressure.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

Chlordiazepoxide 10 mg PO tid means that the patient is supposed to receive 10 milligrams of chlordiazepoxide by mouth three times a day (tid = three times a day).

Since the available capsules only contain 5 mg of chlordiazepoxide each, the nurse needs to calculate how many capsules are needed to deliver the prescribed dose of 10 mg.

To find out how many capsules are needed, we can divide the prescribed dosage by the amount of chlordiazepoxide per capsule:

Number of capsules = Prescribed dosage / Amount of chlordiazepoxide per capsule

Number of capsules = 10 mg / 5 mg/capsule

Dividing 10 mg by 5 mg/capsule gives us 2.

A patient cannot take half a capsule, so we round up to the nearest whole number.

Therefore, the nurse should administer 2 capsules per dose.

A. Heart murmur B. Clubbing of the fingers C. Bradycardia D. Barrel chest

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

(A) Heart murmur: This is the most appropriate answer. Mitral valve stenosis can cause a heart murmur due to turbulent blood flow across the narrowed mitral valve. This is often heard best at the apex of the heart with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position.

(B) Clubbing of the fingers: Clubbing of the fingers is typically associated with conditions that cause chronic hypoxia, such as lung disease or congenital heart disease. It is not a common finding in mitral valve stenosis.

(C) Bradycardia: Mitral valve stenosis does not typically cause bradycardia. In fact, some patients may have a rapid heart rate (tachycardia) due to atrial fibrillation, which is a common complication of mitral valve stenosis.

(D) Barrel chest: A barrel chest is typically associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is not a common finding in mitral valve stenosis. It refers to a rounded, bulging chest that resembles the shape of a barrel. This occurs due to overinflation of the lungs over a long period of time.

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Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer chlordiazepoxide 10 mg PO tid. The amount available is chlordiazepoxide 5 mg/capsule. How many capsules should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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