Which information is most important for the nurse to consider in determining a client's need for an obesity counseling referral?

Reference Range:

Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m

Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2.

Daily caloric intake of 3,500 calories.

Client's expressed desire to lose 50 lb (22.7 kg).

Body weight 10% over ideal body weight.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m². A BMI of ≥35 kg/m² indicates severe obesity and significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Clients with a BMI ≥35, especially with comorbidities, should be referred for obesity counseling, lifestyle modifications, and possibly medical or surgical interventions.
B. Daily caloric intake of 3,500 calories. While consuming 3,500 calories daily may contribute to weight gain, caloric intake alone is not the primary indicator for an obesity counseling referral. BMI provides a more standardized measure of obesity risk.
C. Client's expressed desire to lose 50 lb (22.7 kg). A client’s motivation is important, but referral criteria for obesity counseling are based on clinical indicators like BMI rather than weight loss goals alone.
D. Body weight 10% over ideal body weight. Being 10% over ideal body weight does not necessarily indicate obesity. Obesity is typically defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m², so this alone would not automatically warrant an obesity counseling referral.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Lordosis. Lordosis (excessive inward curvature of the lower spine) is not a normal part of aging. It is more commonly associated with pregnancy, obesity, or certain musculoskeletal conditions rather than normal aging.
B. Barrel chest. A barrel chest (increased anteroposterior chest diameter) is commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not normal aging. While lung compliance decreases with age, a barrel chest is not a typical age-related change.
C. Pectus excavatum. Pectus excavatum (a sunken or concave chest) is a congenital chest wall deformity and is not related to aging.
D. Kyphosis. Kyphosis (excessive outward curvature of the upper spine, leading to a hunched posture) is a normal age-related change due to bone density loss, vertebral compression, and degenerative changes in the spine. It is more common in older adults, especially those with osteoporosis.

A. Immediate allergic reaction mediated by sensitized mast cells. B. Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues activating inflammation. C. T-cells sensitization initiates the macrophage release of cytokines causing a delayed reaction. D. Antibodies are formed against antigens on cell surfaces.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Immediate allergic reaction mediated by sensitized mast cells. This describes a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, which is an immediate allergic reaction. It involves IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation, leading to symptoms such as hives, anaphylaxis, and respiratory distress. Latex allergies can involve Type I reactions, but delayed hypersensitivity is a Type IV reaction.
B. Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues activating inflammation. This describes a Type III hypersensitivity reaction, which involves immune complex deposition leading to inflammation, as seen in lupus or serum sickness. Latex allergies do not involve immune complex deposition.
C. T-cells sensitization initiates the macrophage release of cytokines causing a delayed reaction. This describes a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction, which is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mediated by T-cells rather than antibodies. In latex-induced delayed hypersensitivity, T-cells recognize latex proteins and release cytokines, leading to localized skin inflammation, rash, and itching, typically 24–48 hours after exposure.
D. Antibodies are formed against antigens on cell surfaces. This describes a Type II hypersensitivity reaction, which involves antibody-mediated destruction of cells, as seen in hemolytic anemia or blood transfusion reactions. Latex allergies do not involve direct antibody attack on cells.

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Which information is most important for the nurse to consider in determining a client's need for an obesity counseling referral? Reference Range: Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m

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Which information is most important for the nurse to consider in determining a client's need for an obesity counseling referral?

Reference Range:

Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m