Which information is most important for the nurse to consider in determining a client's need for an obesity counseling referral?

Reference Range:

Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m

Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2.

Daily caloric intake of 3,500 calories.

Client's expressed desire to lose 50 lb (22.7 kg).

Body weight 10% over ideal body weight.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m². A BMI of ≥35 kg/m² indicates severe obesity and significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Clients with a BMI ≥35, especially with comorbidities, should be referred for obesity counseling, lifestyle modifications, and possibly medical or surgical interventions.
B. Daily caloric intake of 3,500 calories. While consuming 3,500 calories daily may contribute to weight gain, caloric intake alone is not the primary indicator for an obesity counseling referral. BMI provides a more standardized measure of obesity risk.
C. Client's expressed desire to lose 50 lb (22.7 kg). A client’s motivation is important, but referral criteria for obesity counseling are based on clinical indicators like BMI rather than weight loss goals alone.
D. Body weight 10% over ideal body weight. Being 10% over ideal body weight does not necessarily indicate obesity. Obesity is typically defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m², so this alone would not automatically warrant an obesity counseling referral.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Cell division occurs with the replication of parent cell's DNA distributed to daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes. This describes normal cell division (mitosis), not cancerous growth. In healthy cells, division is controlled, and errors are corrected by regulatory mechanisms.
B. Cells proliferate until a finite cell density is reached, which is determined by the availability of growth factors. Normal cells exhibit contact inhibition, meaning they stop dividing when they reach a certain density. Cancer cells ignore these regulatory signals and continue to grow uncontrollably.
C. Abnormal cell growth that remains confined to its original location, without invading surrounding tissue or spreading. This describes benign tumors, which do not spread. Cancerous (malignant) tumors, however, invade nearby tissues and can metastasize to distant organs.
D. Alteration of cellular genetics proliferates a mutated cell that progresses to surrounding and distant tissues. Cancer begins with genetic mutations that cause uncontrolled cell proliferation. As cancer progresses, cells invade surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasize) to distant sites via the blood and lymphatic systems. This is the defining characteristic of malignancy.

A. To serve as sensory receptors and transmitters for the sense of touch. B. To anchor the epidermis to the dermis skin layer. C. To provide skin pigmentation as protection from the sun's ultraviolet rays. D. To produce a tough, fibrous structural protein for skin protection.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. To serve as sensory receptors and transmitters for the sense of touch. Merkel cells, not keratinocytes, function as sensory receptors in the skin, particularly for touch perception.

B. To anchor the epidermis to the dermis skin layer. Hemidesmosomes and basement membrane proteins help anchor the epidermis to the dermis, not keratinocytes.

C. To provide skin pigmentation as protection from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Melanocytes, not keratinocytes, produce melanin, which provides skin pigmentation and protects against UV radiation.

D. To produce a tough, fibrous structural protein for skin protection. Keratinocytes are the primary cells of the epidermis and produce keratin, a strong, fibrous protein that provides structure, durability, and waterproofing to the skin. They also play a role in wound healing and immune defense.

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Which information is most important for the nurse to consider in determining a client's need for an obesity counseling referral? Reference Range: Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m

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Which information is most important for the nurse to consider in determining a client's need for an obesity counseling referral?

Reference Range:

Body mass index (BMI) [18.0 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m