Which test for HIV is used primarily as a confirmatory test rather than a generalized screening test?
Enzyme immunoassay.
Western Blot.
White blood cell differential.
CD4+ cell count.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Enzyme immunoassay. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA), also known as the ELISA test, is used as a primary screening test for HIV. If the EIA test is positive, a confirmatory test, such as the Western Blot, is performed to ensure accuracy.
B. Western Blot. The Western Blot is a confirmatory test for HIV used to verify positive results from an initial screening test. It detects specific HIV antibodies and is highly specific, reducing the likelihood of false positives.
C. White blood cell differential. A white blood cell (WBC) differential assesses the overall immune response but does not diagnose HIV. While some HIV patients may show low WBC counts, this test is not specific for HIV infection.
D. CD4+ cell count. CD4+ cell count is used to monitor disease progression and immune function in HIV-positive patients, but it is not a confirmatory test for diagnosing HIV. A low CD4+ count suggests HIV progression toward AIDS rather than initial diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D","F","G"]
Explanation
Heart rate 88 beats/minute: This is within the normal range (60-100 bpm) and does not require immediate intervention.
Blood pressure 122/72 mm Hg: This is within a normal range and does not indicate an urgent issue.
Temperature 100.5°F (38°C): An elevated temperature suggests a possible infection, such as cellulitis or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which requires further evaluation.
Reports of pain with ambulation: Pain with walking, especially in a client with peripheral vascular disease and diabetes, may indicate worsening circulation, infection, or DVT.
Respirations 20 breaths/minute: This is within the normal range (12-20 breaths/minute) and does not require immediate intervention.
Left lower leg with erythema, warm, and swollen: These are signs of inflammation or infection, such as cellulitis or a possible DVT, both of which require urgent medical attention.
Blood glucose 252 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L): Elevated blood glucose can impair wound healing, increase the risk of infection, and contribute to further complications in a client with diabetes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A 40-year-old client who smoked cigarettes as a teen. While smoking is a known risk factor for several cancers, a brief history of smoking in adolescence does not pose as high a risk as a strong family history of breast cancer. Long-term smoking exposure is more strongly linked to lung and other cancers.
B. A 50-year-old woman with a maternal history of breast cancer. A family history of breast cancer, especially in a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter), significantly increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This client may also carry genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, further elevating the risk.
C. A woman who had a total hysterectomy 5 years ago for a grade 4 Pap smear. A grade 4 Pap smear indicates severe cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, but a total hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix, significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer recurrence.
D. A man with no tumor marker elevation 3 years after prostate cancer treatment. This client is in remission with no current signs of active cancer. While prostate cancer survivors require monitoring, his risk is lower compared to someone with an active familial predisposition to cancer.
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