Which test for HIV is used primarily as a confirmatory test rather than a generalized screening test?

Enzyme immunoassay.

Western Blot.

White blood cell differential.

CD4+ cell count.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Enzyme immunoassay. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA), also known as the ELISA test, is used as a primary screening test for HIV. If the EIA test is positive, a confirmatory test, such as the Western Blot, is performed to ensure accuracy.

B. Western Blot. The Western Blot is a confirmatory test for HIV used to verify positive results from an initial screening test. It detects specific HIV antibodies and is highly specific, reducing the likelihood of false positives.

C. White blood cell differential. A white blood cell (WBC) differential assesses the overall immune response but does not diagnose HIV. While some HIV patients may show low WBC counts, this test is not specific for HIV infection.

D. CD4+ cell count. CD4+ cell count is used to monitor disease progression and immune function in HIV-positive patients, but it is not a confirmatory test for diagnosing HIV. A low CD4+ count suggests HIV progression toward AIDS rather than initial diagnosis.

Nursing Test Bank

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A,B"}}

Explanation

Shower daily with antibacterial soap (Prevents Future Cellulitis): Keeping the skin clean reduces bacterial load and prevents infections.

Complete full course of antibiotic therapy (Prevents Future Cellulitis & Promotes Healing): Ensuring all bacteria are eradicated helps prevent recurrence and allows the infection to resolve fully.

Refrain from sharing towels and razors (Prevents Future Cellulitis): These items can spread bacteria, increasing the risk of reinfection.

Eat foods rich in protein and vitamin C (Promotes Healing): These nutrients aid in tissue repair and immune function, supporting recovery from cellulitis.

Wash hands before and after touching open wounds (Prevents Future Cellulitis & Promotes Healing): Proper hygiene prevents the spread of bacteria and reduces the risk of secondary infections.

A. Peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. B. Impaired skin integrity. C. Fluid volume excess. D. Acute pain and anxiety.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. While some chemotherapy agents can cause neuropathy, the immediate risk of a vesicant (a drug that can cause severe tissue damage if it leaks) is extravasation, leading to skin and tissue damage, rather than direct neurovascular impairment.
B. Impaired skin integrity. Vesicants can cause severe tissue necrosis if they extravasate (leak into surrounding tissues). Leaving an IV in place for 72 hours increases the risk of infiltration or extravasation, which can lead to serious complications, including blistering, necrosis, and deep tissue injury. Proper IV site rotation and monitoring are essential to prevent skin and tissue damage.
C. Fluid volume excess. Fluid volume excess is not a direct risk related to vesicant chemotherapy. While some IV fluids can contribute to fluid overload, the primary concern with vesicants is extravasation and tissue damage.
D. Acute pain and anxiety. While pain and anxiety can occur if extravasation happens, the greatest clinical risk is the physical damage caused by tissue necrosis. Pain is a symptom of extravasation, but preventing skin and tissue injury is the priority.

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Which test for HIV is used primarily as a confirmatory test rather than a generalized screening test?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Exhibits Click to indicate which education instructions the nurse should include to prevent future cellulitis and promote healing when preparing the client for discharge. Each column must have at least one response selected.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A,B"}}

Explanation

A client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy with a known vesicant. The client's IV has been in place for 72 hours. The nurse determines that a new IV site cannot be obtained, and leaves the present IV in place. Which is the greatest clinical risk related to this situation?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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