Which is a common psychosocial issue for adolescents, according to Erikson's theory?
Identity versus role confusion.
Autonomy versus shame.
Trust versus mistrust.
Industry versus inferiority.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence (roughly ages 12-18) is characterized by the central crisis of identity versus role confusion. During this stage, adolescents explore various roles, beliefs, and values to form a cohesive sense of self and define their place in society, integrating past experiences with future aspirations.
Choice B rationale
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the psychosocial crisis associated with early childhood, typically ages 1-3 years. During this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Successful resolution leads to autonomy, while failure can result in feelings of shame and self-doubt.
Choice C rationale
Trust versus mistrust is the psychosocial crisis of infancy, typically ages 0-1 year. In this stage, infants develop a sense of trust in caregivers and the world based on the consistency and reliability of care received. Successful resolution fosters hope and security, while neglect can lead to mistrust and anxiety.
Choice D rationale
Industry versus inferiority is the psychosocial crisis characteristic of school age, typically ages 6-12 years. Children at this stage are focused on developing competence and mastering academic and social skills. Success in these endeavors leads to a sense of industry, while difficulties can result in feelings of inferiority and low self-esteem.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a high-protein diet is beneficial for tissue repair and overall healing, as proteins are essential building blocks for cells and enzymes involved in the inflammatory and reparative processes. However, this intervention is secondary to addressing the underlying infection. Nutritional support optimizes recovery but does not directly eliminate the bacterial pathogen.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging weight-bearing on the affected limb is contraindicated in acute osteomyelitis. This action could exacerbate inflammation, increase pain, and potentially lead to pathological fractures or further dissemination of the infection within the bone, compromising structural integrity and delaying healing. Rest is crucial for minimizing stress on the compromised bone.
Choice C rationale
Administering IV antibiotics as prescribed is the priority intervention because osteomyelitis is a severe bacterial infection of the bone. Intravenous administration ensures high systemic concentrations of antibiotics, reaching the infected bone tissue efficiently to eradicate the pathogen, prevent further bone destruction, and reduce the risk of systemic complications like sepsis.
Choice D rationale
Applying heat packs to the affected area might provide some symptomatic relief from pain by increasing blood flow, but it is not a primary intervention for osteomyelitis. Heat can potentially increase swelling and may not be effective in reaching the deep-seated infection within the bone. Direct antimicrobial therapy is paramount for resolution.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Repositioning the client to a left lateral position aims to improve uteroplacental perfusion by alleviating compression of the inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus. This enhances venous return to the mother's heart, increasing cardiac output and ultimately improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to the placenta and fetus, which can resolve late decelerations caused by uteroplacental insufficiency.
Choice B rationale
Documenting findings is a crucial nursing responsibility, but it is not the immediate intervention for addressing late decelerations. Scientific principles dictate that physiological stabilization takes precedence over documentation when fetal well-being is compromised. Documentation would follow after initial interventions are implemented to improve the fetal status.
Choice C rationale
Adjusting fetal monitor sensors might be necessary if the tracing is poor quality, but it does not directly address the physiological cause of late decelerations. Late decelerations reflect uteroplacental insufficiency, not merely a monitoring artifact. Addressing the underlying physiological compromise is the priority before troubleshooting equipment.
Choice D rationale
Inserting a fetal scalp electrode provides a more accurate assessment of fetal heart rate by directly monitoring the fetus. However, this is an invasive procedure and is typically considered after initial conservative measures, such as maternal repositioning and oxygen administration, have been attempted without resolution of the late decelerations.
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