Which is a common psychosocial issue for adolescents, according to Erikson's theory?
Identity versus role confusion.
Autonomy versus shame.
Trust versus mistrust.
Industry versus inferiority.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence (roughly ages 12-18) is characterized by the central crisis of identity versus role confusion. During this stage, adolescents explore various roles, beliefs, and values to form a cohesive sense of self and define their place in society, integrating past experiences with future aspirations.
Choice B rationale
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the psychosocial crisis associated with early childhood, typically ages 1-3 years. During this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Successful resolution leads to autonomy, while failure can result in feelings of shame and self-doubt.
Choice C rationale
Trust versus mistrust is the psychosocial crisis of infancy, typically ages 0-1 year. In this stage, infants develop a sense of trust in caregivers and the world based on the consistency and reliability of care received. Successful resolution fosters hope and security, while neglect can lead to mistrust and anxiety.
Choice D rationale
Industry versus inferiority is the psychosocial crisis characteristic of school age, typically ages 6-12 years. Children at this stage are focused on developing competence and mastering academic and social skills. Success in these endeavors leads to a sense of industry, while difficulties can result in feelings of inferiority and low self-esteem.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves avascular necrosis of the femoral head, requiring strict adherence to prescribed treatment, such as bracing or limited weight-bearing, to promote revascularization and prevent femoral head deformity. Non-compliance significantly increases the risk of long-term osteoarthritis and functional limitations.
Choice B rationale
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is not a terminal illness. While it can lead to chronic hip problems if not properly managed, it is a self-limiting condition where the bone eventually regenerates, albeit sometimes with residual deformity.
Choice C rationale
While pain management may be necessary, antibiotics are not a primary treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease as it is an aseptic necrosis, not an infection. The focus is on preserving the femoral head and restoring its blood supply.
Choice D rationale
Rehabilitation to regain mobility might be part of the long-term management after the acute phase or surgery, but the initial and key focus is on preventing further damage to the femoral head and ensuring proper healing, which often involves activity restriction.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Telling the adolescent that wearing the brace is mandatory and refusal is noncompliant behavior can lead to defiance and resentment. This approach fails to acknowledge the adolescent's autonomy and emotional well-being, potentially decreasing adherence due to a feeling of being controlled rather than empowered in their own care.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging expression of feelings provides a safe space for the adolescent to process the emotional challenges associated with brace wear. Connecting with a peer support group offers validation and coping strategies from individuals facing similar experiences, promoting a sense of community and reducing feelings of isolation, thereby improving adherence.
Choice C rationale
Advising the mother to monitor brace usage closely and report nonadherence shifts the responsibility to the parent, potentially fostering conflict and reducing the adolescent's sense of ownership over their treatment. This approach can also lead to increased family tension and further resistance from the adolescent.
Choice D rationale
Emphasizing the importance of brace wear for spinal correction and future mobility is crucial for understanding the therapeutic benefits. However, this cognitive understanding alone may not be sufficient to address the psychosocial and emotional challenges adolescents face, which significantly influence adherence to a restrictive treatment like bracing.
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