Which is a common psychosocial issue for adolescents, according to Erikson's theory?

Identity versus role confusion.

Autonomy versus shame.

Trust versus mistrust.

Industry versus inferiority.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence (roughly ages 12-18) is characterized by the central crisis of identity versus role confusion. During this stage, adolescents explore various roles, beliefs, and values to form a cohesive sense of self and define their place in society, integrating past experiences with future aspirations.

Choice B rationale

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the psychosocial crisis associated with early childhood, typically ages 1-3 years. During this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Successful resolution leads to autonomy, while failure can result in feelings of shame and self-doubt.

Choice C rationale

Trust versus mistrust is the psychosocial crisis of infancy, typically ages 0-1 year. In this stage, infants develop a sense of trust in caregivers and the world based on the consistency and reliability of care received. Successful resolution fosters hope and security, while neglect can lead to mistrust and anxiety.

Choice D rationale

Industry versus inferiority is the psychosocial crisis characteristic of school age, typically ages 6-12 years. Children at this stage are focused on developing competence and mastering academic and social skills. Success in these endeavors leads to a sense of industry, while difficulties can result in feelings of inferiority and low self-esteem.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Providing a high-protein diet is beneficial for tissue repair and overall healing, as proteins are essential building blocks for cells and enzymes involved in the inflammatory and reparative processes. However, this intervention is secondary to addressing the underlying infection. Nutritional support optimizes recovery but does not directly eliminate the bacterial pathogen.

Choice B rationale

Encouraging weight-bearing on the affected limb is contraindicated in acute osteomyelitis. This action could exacerbate inflammation, increase pain, and potentially lead to pathological fractures or further dissemination of the infection within the bone, compromising structural integrity and delaying healing. Rest is crucial for minimizing stress on the compromised bone.

Choice C rationale

Administering IV antibiotics as prescribed is the priority intervention because osteomyelitis is a severe bacterial infection of the bone. Intravenous administration ensures high systemic concentrations of antibiotics, reaching the infected bone tissue efficiently to eradicate the pathogen, prevent further bone destruction, and reduce the risk of systemic complications like sepsis.

Choice D rationale

Applying heat packs to the affected area might provide some symptomatic relief from pain by increasing blood flow, but it is not a primary intervention for osteomyelitis. Heat can potentially increase swelling and may not be effective in reaching the deep-seated infection within the bone. Direct antimicrobial therapy is paramount for resolution.

A. Eat foods fortified with folic acid. B. Avoid the use of aspirin. C. Increase intake of iron. D. Avoid consumption of alcohol.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Folic acid is a B vitamin crucial for proper neural tube closure during embryonic development, typically completed by the 28th day after conception. Adequate intake, ideally 400-800 mcg daily for women of childbearing age, significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly by supporting DNA synthesis and repair.

Choice B rationale

Aspirin, while a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is not directly linked to neural tube defects. Its primary concern in pregnancy relates to potential bleeding risks, particularly in the third trimester, and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, not neural tube formation.

Choice C rationale

Iron intake is essential for preventing maternal anemia during pregnancy, supporting increased red blood cell production, and fetal growth. However, iron supplementation does not have a direct preventative effect on neural tube defects, which are primarily associated with inadequate folate metabolism, not iron deficiency.

Choice D rationale

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), characterized by a range of physical, developmental, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. While alcohol is teratogenic, it does not specifically cause neural tube defects; rather, it impacts overall fetal development, particularly central nervous system development.

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Which is a common psychosocial issue for adolescents, according to Erikson's theory?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a child with osteomyelitis. Which of the following interventions is a priority?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to reduce the risk of giving birth to a newborn who has a neural tube defect. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse collecting data on a client who is 38 weeks of gestation during a weekly prenatal visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

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