The nurse is providing care for a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
What characteristic manifestation should the nurse expect to observe?
Lateral curvature of the spine.
Joint inflammation.
Progressive muscle weakness.
Bone deformities.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Lateral curvature of the spine, known as scoliosis, can occur in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as a secondary complication due to progressive muscle weakness affecting the spinal support. However, it is not the primary or initial characteristic manifestation of the disease. The fundamental pathology of DMD is direct muscle fiber degeneration leading to weakness.
Choice B rationale
Joint inflammation is characteristic of inflammatory arthropathies, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a primary myopathy, a disorder of muscle tissue itself, not a condition primarily involving inflammation of the joints. While secondary musculoskeletal issues can arise, joint inflammation is not a hallmark feature of the disease.
Choice C rationale
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a crucial protein for maintaining muscle fiber integrity. This leads to progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers, resulting in escalating muscle weakness. This weakness typically manifests in early childhood, starting in the proximal muscles and gradually spreading, leading to loss of ambulation.
Choice D rationale
While severe muscle weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy can indirectly lead to some skeletal deformities over time, such as contractures and kyphoscoliosis, these are typically secondary consequences rather than primary manifestations. The direct and defining characteristic of the disease is the progressive degeneration and weakness of the muscles themselves.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While transgender individuals face unique challenges that can impact mental health, global statistics consistently show that male individuals as a demographic group have the highest completed suicide rates. This choice does not reflect the broader epidemiological data on suicide mortality across sexes.
Choice B rationale
Non-binary individuals, similar to transgender individuals, experience significant stressors that can contribute to mental health issues. However, when examining global suicide rates categorized by sex, the data predominantly indicates that males have higher completed suicide rates compared to other gender identities.
Choice C rationale
Globally, female individuals tend to have higher rates of attempted suicide and suicidal ideation, but male individuals consistently have higher completed suicide rates. This disparity is often attributed to males using more lethal means and potentially less frequent seeking of mental health support.
Choice D rationale
Globally, male individuals consistently exhibit a higher completed suicide rate compared to female individuals. This phenomenon is observed across various cultures and is often linked to factors such as higher use of lethal methods, societal pressures, and potentially lower rates of seeking mental health assistance.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test is a blood test that measures the levels of AFP in the maternal serum. This test does not require any specific dietary restrictions, such as fasting. Therefore, advising the client to abstain from food or drink for 8 hours before the test is not based on physiological necessity for accurate AFP measurement.
Choice B rationale
Test results are influenced by various factors, including gestational age, multiple pregnancies, and certain fetal anomalies. While chronic illnesses can impact overall health, they do not directly determine the outcome of an AFP screening test, which primarily assesses the risk of neural tube defects or chromosomal abnormalities.
Choice C rationale
An AFP test is a simple blood draw and is not an invasive procedure. Therefore, there is no physiological need for bed rest following the test. Clients can resume their normal activities immediately after the blood sample is collected, as there are no associated post-procedure complications requiring immobility.
Choice D rationale
The AFP test is a screening tool, meaning it identifies individuals who may be at an increased risk for certain conditions, such as neural tube defects or Down syndrome. It does not provide a definitive diagnosis. Abnormal screening results necessitate further diagnostic testing, such as amniocentesis or high-resolution ultrasound, for confirmation.
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