Which laboratory results should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
Serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus.
Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
Leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine.
Blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus: Correct! In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products and maintain electrolyte balance.
Monitoring serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels is crucial as imbalances in these
electrolytes are common and can lead to serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, bone disorders, and muscle weakness.
B. Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit: While anemia is a common complication of ESRD, monitoring erythrocyte indices (such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) is
important, but it is not specifically related to renal function monitoring.
C. Leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine: Monitoring leukocytes and neutrophils is important for assessing immune function and detecting infections, but it is not directly related to renal
function monitoring in ESRD Thyroxine monitoring is relevant for thyroid function, which is not typically affected by ESRD.
D. Blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature: Monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure,
heart rate, and temperature is important in overall client assessment, but it does not specifically address the need for monitoring electrolyte imbalances associated with ESRD These parameters may be affected by complications of ESRD, but the primary focus in ESRD monitoring is on
renal function and electrolyte balance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Flaky, peeling skin (desquamation) occurs in later stages of scarlet fever, typically after the rash begins to fade. It is not an early sign of the disease.
B. A red, sandpaper-like rash that typically begins on the chest and spreads outward is one of the earliest indications of scarlet fever. This rash is caused by exotoxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and is a hallmark sign of the illness.
C. A white coating on the tongue, often followed by a characteristic “strawberry tongue,” develops later in the progression of scarlet fever rather than as an early symptom.
D. While fever is a common symptom of streptococcal infections, it is not the earliest indicator of scarlet fever. The rash usually appears within 12 to 48 hours of fever onset, making it a more specific early sign.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Marking an outline of the "olive-shaped mass" in the right epigastric area is important for diagnosis, but not a priority pre-operatively.
B. Initiating a continuous infusion of IV fluids is crucial to ensure the infant is properly hydrated before the procedure, as pyloric stenosis can cause severe dehydration.
C. Monitoring the amount of intake and the infant's response to feedings is part of ongoing care, but immediate pre-operative hydration takes precedence.
D. Instructing parents regarding care of the incisional area is necessary post-operatively, not before the surgery.
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