Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Pyridostigmine

Levodopa-carbidopa

Riluzole

Interferon-beta

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B.   Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C.   Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D.   Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A. Atorvastatin is a statin used primarily to manage hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol levels) and reduce cardiovascular risk. However, it is not specifically used to treat heart failure symptoms or manage acute exacerbations.
B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to manage heart failure. It helps reduce fluid overload by promoting diuresis (increased urine production), which can help alleviate symptoms of heart failure such as edema and pulmonary congestion.
C. Methimazole is an antithyroid medication used to manage hyperthyroidism. It is not used to treat heart failure. Thyroid disorders can impact heart failure, but methimazole itself does not address the acute symptoms or underlying mechanisms of heart failure.
D. Apixaban is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) used to prevent blood clots in conditions like atrial fibrillation. However, it is not used specifically to manage acute heart failure symptoms.
E. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that can be used to manage heart failure, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation. It helps improve cardiac output and control heart rate. Digoxin can be useful in managing heart failure symptoms by enhancing the heart's contractility and controlling the heart rate.

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C"}

Explanation

Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles. Key features include fluctuating muscle weakness that typically worsens with activity and improves with rest, bilateral ptosis (drooping of the eyelids), and difficulty with swallowing and speaking. The fact that the client's facial muscle strength is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day is a hallmark of MG. The edrophonium (Tensilon) test is specifically used to diagnose MG by temporarily improving muscle strength.

Antibodies at the neuromuscular junction

Myasthenia Gravis is caused by the presence of autoantibodies that target acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. This is consistent with the described symptoms and the use of the edrophonium (Tensilon) test to diagnose the condition.

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Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with an acute heart failure exacerbation. Which of the following medications are commonly prescribed to manage heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is assigned to care for a client on a medical-surgical unit. Exhibits Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. Based on the information provided, the client is likely experiencing which is caused by

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C"}

Explanation

A patient has ptosis resulting from Bell's Palsy. Which assessment finding describes ptosis?

A nursing student preparing for his first clinical rotation must receive a hepatitis B vaccination series prior to attending clinicals. The nursing student understands that this is

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