Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Pyridostigmine

Levodopa-carbidopa

Riluzole

Interferon-beta

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B.   Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C.   Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D.   Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. While corticosteroids are sometimes used in critical care settings, they are not specifically used to prevent stress ulcers. In fact, corticosteroids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and may require additional measures to protect the stomach lining.
B. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) used primarily for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It works as an anticoagulant, preventing blood clots. While enoxaparin is important for preventing thromboembolic events in critically ill patients, it does not specifically address the prevention of stress ulcers.
C. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid production by inhibiting the proton pumps in the stomach lining. PPIs are commonly used to prevent and treat stress ulcers because they help decrease gastric acid secretion, thereby reducing the risk of ulcer formation and bleeding. This makes pantoprazole the appropriate medication to administer to prevent physiologic stress ulcers in a patient with sepsis on a ventilator.
D. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used for pain relief and inflammation. NSAIDs can actually increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration, especially in critically ill patients.

A. Raw vegetables with dip B. Granola bars C. Macaroni and cheese D. Dried fruit

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Raw vegetables can be challenging for individuals with myasthenia gravis because they require significant chewing and can lead to fatigue of the jaw muscles. Additionally, raw vegetables can be difficult to swallow if there is significant weakness.
B. Granola bars can be hard and require extensive chewing. For a person with myasthenia gravis, the effort needed to chew and swallow these bars can lead to increased fatigue and difficulty managing meals.
C. Macaroni and cheese is a softer food that requires less chewing compared to raw vegetables or granola bars. It can be easier for individuals with myasthenia gravis to manage because it is soft and less likely to cause fatigue. Additionally, it can be enriched with nutrients and is easier to swallow, making it a more appropriate choice for a nutritional plan for someone with MG.
D. Dried fruit is typically tough and chewy, which can be difficult for someone with myasthenia gravis to handle. The chewing effort required can lead to muscle fatigue and discomfort.

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Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of sepsis who is on a ventilator in the intensive care unit. To reduce the risk of developing a physiologic stress ulcer, the nurse should anticipate an order to administer which medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. When creating the nutritional plan of care for the client, which of the following foods would be appropriate to include?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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