Which of the following actions by the nurse best supports patient autonomy?
The nurse explains interventions prior to performing them.
Patient information is kept private.
The nurse brings back medication at the time stated previously.
All patients are given equal care.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Explaining interventions prior to performing them is a key aspect of patient autonomy. It allows patients to understand what is happening to them and gives them the opportunity to ask questions or refuse treatment if they wish.
Choice B rationale
While keeping patient information private is important and is part of the ethical principle of confidentiality, it does not directly support patient autonomy.
Choice C rationale
Bringing back medication at the stated time supports the principle of beneficence (doing good) and reliability but does not directly support patient autonomy.
Choice D rationale
Providing equal care to all patients is part of the ethical principle of justice, not autonomy.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The nurse completed the incident report at 1600.
Step 1 is to understand the 24-hour clock format. In this format, the hours of the day run 0-23, midnight to midnight.
Step 2 is to convert the time the nurse administered the medication (0900) to the 12-hour clock format. This is 9 a.m.
Step 3 is to add seven hours to this time (the time that passed before the nurse realized a medication error had occurred). 9 a.m. + 7 hours = 4 p.m.
Step 4 is to convert this time back to the 24-hour clock format. 4 p.m. is 1600 in the 24-hour clock format.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Insisting that family members provide most of the client’s personal care may not be culturally appropriate. It may place undue burden on the family and may not respect the client’s autonomy or preferences.
Choice B rationale
Maintaining a personal space of at least 2 feet when assessing the client may not be culturally appropriate. Different cultures have different norms and expectations about personal space, and this distance may be seen as too distant or impersonal in some cultures.
Choice C rationale
Asking permission before touching a client during the physical assessment is a culturally appropriate nursing intervention. It shows respect for the client’s personal space and autonomy, and acknowledges cultural differences in norms about touch.
Choice D rationale
Considering the client’s ethnicity as the most important factor in planning care is not a culturally appropriate nursing intervention. While a client’s ethnicity can influence their health beliefs and behaviors, it is only one aspect of their identity and should not be the sole basis for planning care. Hildegard Peplau Hildegard Peplau Explore
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