Which of the following are clinical manifestations for thyroid cancer? Select all that apply

Hoarseness

Increased appetite

Difficulty swallowing

Neck swelling

Constipation

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Hoarseness: Hoarseness is a common clinical manifestation of thyroid cancer, especially when the tumor affects the vocal cords or the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This may occur due to direct compression or invasion of the surrounding tissues in the neck, including the larynx.

B. Increased appetite: Increased appetite is associated with hyperthyroidism rather than thyroid cancer itself. Thyroid cancer often does not significantly alter thyroid hormone levels in its early stages, and therefore, an increased appetite is not a direct clinical manifestation.

C. Difficulty swallowing: Difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, is a common symptom of thyroid cancer, particularly if the tumor enlarges and compresses the esophagus or other structures in the neck. This can interfere with the passage of food through the throat.

D. Neck swelling: Neck swelling, particularly a lump or nodule in the thyroid gland, is one of the most common clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer. The mass can be palpable and is often the first noticeable sign. It may be associated with other symptoms such as pain or difficulty swallowing.

E. Constipation: Constipation is not directly linked to thyroid cancer. While thyroid dysfunction (especially hypothyroidism) may cause constipation, this symptom is not a typical manifestation of thyroid cancer itself.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Periodontal disease and gum surgery three months ago: Bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream, especially during dental procedures or gum surgery, and potentially infect heart valves, particularly in those with underlying heart conditions.

B. Breast cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiation: While chemotherapy and radiation can compromise the immune system, they are not direct risk factors for infectious endocarditis. The condition is more related to bacterial entry into the bloodstream.

C. Type I diabetic for ten years: Diabetes increases the risk of infections in general due to impaired immune function, but it is not specifically associated with an increased risk for infectious endocarditis.

D. Myocardial infarction one year ago: A MI can cause heart damage, but it is not a direct risk factor for infectious endocarditis. The condition is more commonly associated with valvular disease, congenital heart defects, or the introduction of bacteria into the bloodstream.

A. Avoiding tobacco smoke and second hand smoke B. Living in areas with high air pollution C. Using tanning beds for vitamin D exposure D. Regular consumption of red meat

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Avoiding tobacco smoke and secondhand smoke: Avoiding tobacco smoke is a primary prevention effort to reduce the risk of developing cancers, including thyroid cancer. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that can increase the risk of cancer, including thyroid cancer.

B. Living in areas with high air pollution: Living in areas with high air pollution increases the risk of respiratory and other cancers, it is not a preventive measure. Exposure to pollutants can contribute to carcinogen exposure, raising the risk of cancers, including thyroid cancer.

C. Using tanning beds for vitamin D exposure: Using tanning beds exposes individuals to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which increases the risk of skin cancer. It does not prevent thyroid cancer and, in fact, increases the risk of other cancers.

D. Regular consumption of red meat: Regular consumption of red meat is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but it is not linked to thyroid cancer. A diet rich in processed meats may contribute to carcinogen exposure but does not protect against thyroid cancer.

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Which of the following are clinical manifestations for thyroid cancer? Select all that apply

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with suspected infectious endocarditis. Which information obtained in the health history could contribute to the development of this problem?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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