Which of the following are common complications or characteristics of cystic fibrosis in pediatric patients?(select all that apply)
Delayed motor development
Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern
Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency
Thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive tract
Increased risk for lung infections
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Delayed motor development is not a typical feature of cystic fibrosis, though respiratory and nutritional issues may impact physical development.
B. Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive, not dominant, meaning both parents must carry the gene for the child to inherit the disease.
C. Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency occurs in cystic fibrosis, leading to poor digestion and malabsorption.
D. Thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive tract is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis, causing respiratory and gastrointestinal issues.
E. Increased risk for lung infections is common due to mucus buildup in the lungs, which provides a breeding ground for bacteria.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Urine creatinine is used to assess kidney function and is not helpful in diagnosing CF.
B. The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis. Elevated chloride levels in sweat are characteristic of CF.
C. Serum calcium levels are not specific to CF diagnosis.
D. Bronchoscopy is used for assessing airway involvement but is not the primary test for diagnosing CF.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E","F","H","I"]
Explanation
Dry lips and mucous membranes can indicate dehydration, which is common in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) due to hyperglycemia. Dehydration in DM1 often results from osmotic diuresis, where excess glucose in the urine draws water out of the body, causing significant fluid loss. Immediate follow-up is needed to assess hydration status and possible management of the child's glucose levels and fluid intake.
The presence of enlarged lymph nodes can suggest an underlying infection or immune response. Although lymphadenopathy is commonly associated with infections, it is also important to investigate whether this could be related to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), as children with untreated or poorly controlled diabetes can be more prone to infections. This warrants follow-up for possible infection or other causes of lymphadenopathy.
Unexplained weight loss and an appearance of being thin, despite increased appetite (polyphagia), can be an early sign of diabetes type 1. The body begins breaking down fat and muscle tissue for energy when it cannot use glucose properly due to a lack of insulin. Immediate follow-up is necessary to assess blood glucose levels and determine if the child has undiagnosed diabetes.
A fruity or "sweet" odor on the breath, often described as similar to acetone, is a hallmark sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes. This requires immediate follow-up as it indicates that the body is burning fat for fuel due to a lack of insulin, resulting in the production of ketones, which are excreted through the breath.
Anxiety can be associated with an underlying medical condition such as diabetes mellitus. Children with uncontrolled diabetes may feel anxious due to fluctuations in blood glucose levels or the physical symptoms associated with hyperglycemia or DKA. It’s important to address the cause of anxiety to ensure the child is receiving the appropriate treatment and emotional support.
A blood pressure of 96/44 mm Hg is on the lower side, and in the context of a child with suspected diabetes, this could suggest a state of dehydration or possible shock, especially if DKA is developing. Blood pressure changes must be followed up immediately to ensure appropriate treatment of dehydration or any circulatory compromise.
Weight: 15.9 kg: The child's weight (15.9 kg) in combination with the other symptoms (e.g., being thin, increased appetite) could indicate that the child is not gaining weight as expected, possibly due to undiagnosed type 1 diabetes. Immediate follow-up is required to assess growth patterns and consider possible conditions like diabetes that could affect normal weight gain.
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