Which of the following are considered normal findings for assessment of the respiratory system? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale

An elliptical chest configuration is considered a normal shape for the thorax. This configuration allows for optimal lung expansion and function. Deviations from this shape, such as a barrel chest, might indicate underlying pulmonary conditions.

Choice B rationale

Eupnea refers to normal, unlabored breathing, which is an expected finding during a respiratory assessment. It indicates that the individual is not experiencing respiratory distress and that their respiratory rate, rhythm, and effort are within normal limits.

Choice C rationale

Resonance is a normal percussion sound heard over healthy lung tissue. It indicates that the underlying lung areas are filled with air, which is a positive sign of healthy lung function.

Choice D rationale

Inspiratory wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, is typically indicative of narrowed or obstructed airways, often associated with conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and is not considered a normal finding.

Choice A rationale

Visual acuity tests assess the clarity of vision and the ability to discern letters or numbers at a set distance. It is used to test the function of cranial nerve II (optic nerve) rather than cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve). Testing visual acuity involves using eye charts and assessing each eye separately.

Choice B rationale

Peripheral vision tests evaluate the ability to see objects outside the direct line of vision and are used to test the function of cranial nerve II (optic nerve). Peripheral vision assessment helps in diagnosing conditions like glaucoma but does not test the function of cranial nerve III.

Choice C rationale

The presence of the red reflex is assessed by looking into the eye with an ophthalmoscope to check for abnormalities in the eye's posterior segment. It is not related to the function of cranial nerve III but rather indicates healthy eye structures, including the retina and optic nerve (cranial nerve II).

Choice D rationale

Pupillary constriction to light is a direct test of cranial nerve III function. The oculomotor nerve controls the constriction of the pupil in response to light. By shining a light into the eyes and observing the pupils' response, the nurse can assess the integrity of cranial nerve III.