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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.)
(Select All that Apply.)

Easily getting back to sleep after awakening

Many episodes of apnea per night

Loud snort after breathing cessation

10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation

Daytime sleepiness

Frequent, loud snoring

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,F

Choice A Reason:

Easily getting back to sleep after awakening is incorrect. This is not typically a manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Instead, individuals with OSA often experience fragmented sleep due to frequent awakenings caused by apnea episodes.

Choice B Reason:

Many episodes of apnea per night is correct. Yes, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea experience many episodes of apnea (complete cessation of breathing) or hypopnea (partial obstruction of airflow) per night. These episodes can occur multiple times throughout the night, disrupting normal sleep patterns.

Choice C Reason:

Loud snort after breathing cessation is correct. This is a characteristic manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Individuals with OSA often make choking, snorting, or gasping sounds after a period of breathing cessation as they attempt to resume breathing.

Choice D Reason:

10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation is correct. Yes, breathing cessation episodes in obstructive sleep apnea typically last for 10 seconds or longer. These prolonged episodes of apnea contribute to oxygen desaturation and disrupted sleep.

Choice E Reason:

Daytime sleepiness is correct. Yes, daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Disrupted sleep patterns and frequent awakenings during the night can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and decreased alertness.

Choice F Reason:

Frequent, loud snoring is correct. Yes, frequent, loud snoring is a hallmark symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring occurs due to the partial obstruction of airflow in the upper airway during sleep.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

"Do panting breaths several times a day." This statement is inappropriate. Panting breaths involve rapid, shallow breathing similar to what a dog does when it's hot. This technique may not be as effective in clearing mucus or promoting lung expansion compared to deep coughing. While panting breaths may have some benefits in promoting ventilation and increasing lung volume, they may not be as targeted or efficient in preventing atelectasis as other techniques such as deep coughing

Choice B Reason:

"Perform deep coughing twice a day." This statement is correct. Deep coughing helps clear mucus and secretions from the airways, reducing the risk of blockages that can lead to atelectasis. It promotes airway clearance and lung expansion, maintaining respiratory function. Regular deep coughing is particularly important for individuals with spinal cord injuries, as they may have impaired cough reflexes or weakened respiratory muscles, increasing their vulnerability to atelectasis.

Choice C Reason:

"Strengthen your chest muscles by performing therapy exercises." This statement is incorrect. While strengthening chest muscles through therapy exercises can be beneficial for overall respiratory health, it may not directly target the prevention of atelectasis. Atelectasis is primarily caused by the collapse of lung tissue due to mucus buildup or reduced lung expansion, rather than weakness of chest muscles. While therapy exercises may have other benefits such as improving respiratory function and endurance, they may not be the most effective strategy for preventing atelectasis in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Choice D Reason:

"Get plenty of rest throughout the day." This statement is incorrect. Rest is important for overall health and well-being, but it may not directly contribute to the prevention of atelectasis. Inactivity and prolonged bed rest can actually increase the risk of atelectasis by reducing lung expansion and promoting mucus accumulation in the airways. While adequate rest is necessary for recovery and energy conservation, it should be balanced with activities that promote lung expansion and airway clearance, such as deep breathing exercises and mobility.

A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Increased venous return C. Decreased cardiac output D. Dilated ventricles

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect. Tension pneumothorax typically leads to respiratory distress and hypoxemia rather than respiratory alkalosis. The respiratory alkalosis may occur initially due to hyperventilation in response to hypoxemia but would not be directly related to tracheal deviation.

Choice B Reason:

Increased venous return is incorrect. Tension pneumothorax actually leads to decreased venous return due to compression of the great vessels in the thorax, particularly the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. This compression results from the increased pressure within the thorax, which impedes blood flow back to the heart.

Choice C Reason:

Decreased cardiac output is incorrect. Tension pneumothorax can indeed lead to decreased cardiac output due to compression of the heart and the great vessels by the accumulating air in the pleural space. This compression decreases venous return and impairs cardiac function.

Choice D Reason:

Dilated ventricles is incorrect. As mentioned earlier, tension pneumothorax can lead to compression of the heart, including the ventricles. This compression can cause dilatation of the ventricles, particularly the right ventricle, due to increased afterload and decreased venous return.

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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has a spinal cord injury about prevention of atelectasis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has tension pneumothorax. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect following tracheal deviation?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which of the following is true regarding the physiology of an open pneumothorax?

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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.)
(Select All that Apply.)