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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.)
(Select All that Apply.)

Easily getting back to sleep after awakening

Many episodes of apnea per night

Loud snort after breathing cessation

10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation

Daytime sleepiness

Frequent, loud snoring

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,F

Choice A Reason:

Easily getting back to sleep after awakening is incorrect. This is not typically a manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Instead, individuals with OSA often experience fragmented sleep due to frequent awakenings caused by apnea episodes.

Choice B Reason:

Many episodes of apnea per night is correct. Yes, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea experience many episodes of apnea (complete cessation of breathing) or hypopnea (partial obstruction of airflow) per night. These episodes can occur multiple times throughout the night, disrupting normal sleep patterns.

Choice C Reason:

Loud snort after breathing cessation is correct. This is a characteristic manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Individuals with OSA often make choking, snorting, or gasping sounds after a period of breathing cessation as they attempt to resume breathing.

Choice D Reason:

10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation is correct. Yes, breathing cessation episodes in obstructive sleep apnea typically last for 10 seconds or longer. These prolonged episodes of apnea contribute to oxygen desaturation and disrupted sleep.

Choice E Reason:

Daytime sleepiness is correct. Yes, daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Disrupted sleep patterns and frequent awakenings during the night can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and decreased alertness.

Choice F Reason:

Frequent, loud snoring is correct. Yes, frequent, loud snoring is a hallmark symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring occurs due to the partial obstruction of airflow in the upper airway during sleep.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Glatiramer acetate is incorrect because it is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) to reduce the frequency of relapses and delay disease progression. It is not indicated for spasm-induced incontinence.

Choice B Reason:

Dulaglutide is incorrect because it is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving blood sugar control. It is not indicated for the treatment of spasm-induced incontinence.

Choice C Reason:

Montelukast sodium is incorrect because it is a leukotriene receptor antagonist primarily used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is not indicated for the treatment of spasm-induced incontinence.

Choice D Reason:

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, including spasm-induced incontinence that can occur in individuals with spinal cord injury. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bladder, thereby reducing involuntary contractions that contribute to urinary urgency and incontinence.

A. Sexual intercourse B. Tight clothing C. Nausea D. Surgery below level of injury E. Urinary tract infections

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Sexual intercourse is correct. Stimulation of the genitalia or other areas below the level of injury can trigger autonomic dysreflexia in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Choice B Reason:

Tight clothing is correct. Any form of tight or restrictive clothing, including belts or waistbands, can stimulate the body below the level of injury and trigger autonomic dysreflexia.

Choice C Reason:

Nausea is incorrect. While nausea itself is not a common trigger for autonomic dysreflexia, it may occur as a result of the condition. Autonomic dysreflexia can cause a variety of symptoms, including nausea, due to the sudden increase in blood pressure.

Choice D Reason:

Surgery below the level of injury is correct. Surgical procedures performed below the level of the spinal cord injury can lead to stimulation of the body below the injury site, triggering autonomic dysreflexia.

Choice E Reason:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is correct. Infections of the urinary tract, especially those involving the bladder or urethra, can stimulate the body below the level of injury, leading to autonomic dysreflexia.

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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has a spinal cord injury and spasm-induced incontinence. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate a prescription for?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury at the first thoracic level. Which of the following should the nurse recognize can trigger autonomic dysreflexia? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

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A nurse is teaching a client who has a spinal cord injury about sexual stimulation. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching?

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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.)
(Select All that Apply.)