Which of the following is the most common comorbidity of a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP)?

COPD

Sarcoidosis

Lung cancer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason:

COPD is a chronic lung condition characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Individuals with COPD often have underlying structural lung changes, such as emphysematous bullae or blebs. These areas of weakened lung tissue are prone to rupture, leading to the development of pneumothorax. Additionally, the chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and lung parenchyma in COPD contribute to the development of pneumothorax.

Choice B Reason:

Sarcoidosis is incorrect. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease that primarily affects the lungs and lymph nodes. While it can cause lung damage and lead to pneumothorax, it is less common than COPD as a comorbidity associated with SSP.

Choice C Reason:

Lung cancer is incorrect. Lung cancer can lead to pneumothorax, especially if the tumor erodes into the pleural space. However, SSP is more commonly associated with underlying lung diseases like COPD rather than lung cancer.

Choice D Reason:

Cystic fibrosis is incorrect. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal mucus production and impaired clearance in various organs, including the lungs. While individuals with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk of pneumothorax due to underlying lung disease, SSP is less commonly seen in this population compared to COPD.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

"Have you had any nausea and vomiting with your headache?": This question is appropriate. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms associated with migraines. Asking about these symptoms can help confirm the diagnosis of a migraine headache.

Choice B Reason:

"Are you bothered by the lights in here?" This question is appropriate. Sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, is a classic symptom of migraines. Inquiring about light sensitivity can provide additional evidence for the diagnosis.

Choice C Reason:

"Have you noticed any confused or cloudy thinking?". This question is inappropriate. Confusion or cognitive symptoms are not typical of migraines. However, some individuals may experience difficulty concentrating or cognitive symptoms during a migraine aura. This question may help assess for aura symptoms.

Choice D Reason
Have you experienced or are you experiencing any strange smells?" This question is appropriate. Some individuals may experience olfactory hallucinations or sensitivity to odors during a migraine aura. Asking about strange smells can help identify possible aura symptoms.

Choice E Reason:

"Did you feel weak before the headache started or do you feel weak now?" This question is inappropriate. While weakness is not a typical symptom of migraines, some individuals may experience fatigue or muscle weakness during a migraine attack. This question may help assess the overall impact of the headache on the client.

A. Flail chest B. Emphysema C. Congestive heart failure D. Guillain-Barré syndrome

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Flail chest is incorrect. Flail chest is a condition characterized by multiple rib fractures, causing instability in the chest wall. While it can lead to respiratory distress, it doesn't directly cause ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. Instead, it impairs the mechanics of breathing by compromising chest wall integrity.

Choice B Reason:

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where the alveolar walls are destroyed, leading to a loss of surface area for gas exchange. This results in areas of the lungs that are well-perfused but poorly ventilated, causing a V/Q mismatch. The damage to alveoli leads to impaired ventilation, while blood flow may still be adequate, leading to hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood).

Choice C Reason:

CHF primarily affects the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, leading to pulmonary congestion and impaired gas exchange. However, it typically causes diffusion defects rather than a direct ventilation-perfusion mismatch. V/Q mismatch may occur secondary to pulmonary edema, but it’s not the primary mechanism of respiratory failure in CHF.

Choice D Reason:

Guillain-Barré syndrome is incorrect. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. While respiratory muscle weakness can occur in GBS, it doesn't directly cause ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. GBS primarily affects nerve function rather than lung function.

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Which of the following is the most common comorbidity of a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who has a history of migraines reports to a clinic with a throbbing headache. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in the assessment? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has respiratory failure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. The nurse should recognize that the client most likely has which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following could the nurse expect to observe in an older adult client who has a pneumothorax?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has neurogenic shock following a spinal cord injury. Which of the following provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is planning care for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is receiving methylprednisolone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse anticipate with this client? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

A nurse is teaching a client who has a complete spinal cord injury about bowel and bladder management. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is planning care for a client who has a spinal cord injury and spasm-induced incontinence. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate a prescription for?

A nurse is reviewing discharge medications with a client who has Parkinson's disease. The nurse should include teaching about the client's anticholinergic agent. Which of the following side effects should the nurse advise the client to report?