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Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? (Select all that apply)

Thirst

Seizures

Dry mucous membranes

Bradycardia

Muscle weakness

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.

(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.

(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.

(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.

(D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Positive Inotropic Effect: Sotalol does not increase contractility; it weakens contractions, making it a negative inotrope.

(B) Hypertension: Sotalol primarily lowers blood pressure and heart rate, which can actually cause hypotension.

(C) Negative Inotropic Effect: Sotalol is a beta-blocker that decreases myocardial contractility, which can further reduce cardiac output in heart failure patients.

(D) Hypercholesterolemia: Sotalol does not significantly impact cholesterol levels.

A. prevent constipation. B. minimize gingival hyperplasia. C. prevent recurrent chest pain D. reduce flushing.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Prevent constipation: Calcium channel blockers can cause constipation, but metoprolol does not prevent it.

(B) Minimize gingival hyperplasia: Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of calcium channel blockers, but metoprolol does not counteract it.

(C) Prevent recurrent chest pain: Nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia, which increases myocardial oxygen demand. Metoprolol (a beta-blocker) prevents this by slowing the heart rate and reducing myocardial workload, thereby preventing angina.

(D) Reduce flushing: Flushing is a side effect of nifedipine, but metoprolol is not used for this purpose.

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Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with heart failure is prescribed sotalol for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a potential concern?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

An Angina Pectoris patient begins taking nifedipine [Procardia] a calcium channel blocker, along with metoprolol, to treat hypertension. The nurse understands that metoprolol is used to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which IV fluid is most appropriate for a patient experiencing severe dehydration?

Which diuretic is most appropriate for treating a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which inheritance pattern requires only one mutated gene to cause a disorder?

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect in a patient with hypocalcemia?

A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)

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Which common adverse effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist will the nurse expect to assess in a patient?

A patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?