Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? (Select all that apply)
Thirst
Seizures
Dry mucous membranes
Bradycardia
Muscle weakness
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.
(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.
(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.
(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.
(D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Promote diuresis and reduce ascites: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in cirrhosis to help manage fluid retention and ascites caused by portal hypertension.
(B) Prevent worsening liver damage: Spironolactone does not directly protect the liver.
(C) Reduce blood pressure: Though it can lower BP, this is not its primary use in cirrhosis.
(D) Increase urine output without affecting potassium levels: It spares potassium, but monitoring is still needed to prevent hyperkalemia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
(A) Apples: Low in potassium, safe for CKD patients.
(B) Bananas: CKD patients should avoid high-potassium foods, as the kidneys cannot efficiently excrete potassium, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia.
(C) Green Beans: Low in potassium, kidney-friendly.
(D) White Bread: Preferred over whole grains because it has lower phosphorus content.
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