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Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? (Select all that apply)

A.

Thirst

B.

Seizures

C.

Dry mucous membranes

D.

Bradycardia

E.

Muscle weakness

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.

(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.

(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.

(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.

 (D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

(A) Severe Dehydration: Prerenal AKI is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Dehydration leads to hypovolemia, reducing renal perfusion and causing AKI.

(B) Renal Calculi: Postrenal AKI, not prerenal.

(C) Polycystic Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease, not acute.

(D) Glomerulonephritis: Intrarenal AKI, due to direct kidney damage

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

Prerenal

Intrarenal

Postrenal

Severe Dehydration

Sepsis

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

Severe Dehydration: Prerenal

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.

Sepsis: Prerenal

Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal

Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal

Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal

Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal

Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal

Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.

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