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The nurse is educating a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary modifications. Which foods should the patient avoid? (Select all that apply.)

White Rice

Baked Salmon

Spinach

Apples

Bananas

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A. White Rice: Low in potassium and phosphorus, making it a safe choice.

B. Baked Salmon: High in phosphorus, which should be limited in CKD.

C. Spinach: High in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stones.

D. Apples: Low in potassium and safe for CKD patients.

E. Bananas: High in potassium, which can cause dangerous levels in CKD.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.

(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.

(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.

(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.

(D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.

A. Seizures B. Hyperreflexia C. Bradycardia D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

(A) Seizures: Severe hyponatremia (Na+ < 120 mEq/L) can cause cerebral edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure and seizures.

(B) Hyperreflexia: More common in hypernatremia or hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.

(C) Bradycardia: Severe hyponatremia usually causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.

(D) Hypertension: Hyponatremia often leads to hypotension due to fluid shifts.

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The nurse is educating a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary modifications. Which foods should the patient avoid? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

A patient with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L is at risk for which condition? (Normal Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Which medication is most appropriate for treating hyperkalemia?

Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)

Which IV fluid is most appropriate for a patient experiencing severe dehydration?

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