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Categorize the following causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) as prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal:

A.

Severe Dehydration

B.

Sepsis

C.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

D.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

E.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

F.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

G.

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}

Prerenal

 

Intrarenal

 

Postrenal

 

Severe Dehydration

Sepsis

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

 

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

 

 

Severe Dehydration: Prerenal   

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.

Sepsis: Prerenal

Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal              

Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal  

Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal

Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal             

Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal        

Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.

 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Restrict the patient’s fluid intake: Fluid restrictions are important but not the priority during administration. Monitoring for adverse effects like ototoxicity is more critical.

(B) Ensure the patient voids before administration: Furosemide is a diuretic, but voiding before administration is not required.

(C) Administer the dose rapidly to achieve quick results: Rapid IV push can cause ototoxicity and hypotension. It should be given slowly over 1-2 minutes.

(D) Monitor the patient for tinnitus: High-dose or rapid IV administration of furosemide can cause ototoxicity, leading to tinnitus and hearing loss.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Hypernatremia: PTH does not significantly affect sodium levels.

(B) Hyponatremia: PTH imbalance does not cause sodium depletion.

(C) Hypocalcemia: Hyperparathyroidism increases calcium levels, not decreases them.

(D) Hypercalcemia: Hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium release from bones, enhances calcium absorption in the intestines, and reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys, leading to hypercalcemia.

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