Categorize the following causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) as prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal:
Severe Dehydration
Sepsis
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}
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Prerenal
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Intrarenal
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Postrenal
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Severe Dehydration Sepsis CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
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Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity) |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
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Severe Dehydration: Prerenal
Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.
Sepsis: Prerenal
Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.
CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal
Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal
Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys
Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal
Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal
Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.
Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal
Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. White Rice: Low in potassium and phosphorus, making it a safe choice.
B. Baked Salmon: High in phosphorus, which should be limited in CKD.
C. Spinach: High in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stones.
D. Apples: Low in potassium and safe for CKD patients.
E. Bananas: High in potassium, which can cause dangerous levels in CKD.
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"D"},"D":{"answers":"E"},"E":{"answers":"B"}}
Explanation
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) → Hyponatremia
Excess ADH leads to water retention, diluting sodium levels.
Addison’s Disease → Hyperkalemia
Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone, causing potassium retention.
Hypoparathyroidism → Hypocalcemia
Lack of parathyroid hormone reduces calcium levels.
Diabetes Insipidus → Hypernatremia
Excessive water loss leads to sodium concentration increase.
Hyperparathyroidism → Hypercalcemia
Excess parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones.
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