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Categorize the following causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) as prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal:

A.

Severe Dehydration

B.

Sepsis

C.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

D.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

E.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

F.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

G.

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}

Prerenal

 

Intrarenal

 

Postrenal

 

Severe Dehydration

Sepsis

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

 

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

 

 

Severe Dehydration: Prerenal   

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.

Sepsis: Prerenal

Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal              

Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal  

Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal

Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal             

Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal        

Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.

 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A"}}

Explanation

Diabetes Insipidus:

  • Polyuria: ADH deficiency/resistance causes excessive urine output.
  • Hypernatremia: Excessive water loss leads to high serum sodium levels.
  • Dilute Urine: The kidneys cannot concentrate urine without ADH.

SIADH:

  • Decreased Urine Output: Excess ADH leads to water retention and decreased urination.
  • Hyponatremia: Water retention dilutes sodium levels.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(A) Achondroplasia: Causes short stature due to impaired bone growth.

(B) Marfan Syndrome: An autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder associated with tall stature, long limbs, and aortic aneurysm risk.

(C) Cystic Fibrosis: Affects the lungs and pancreas but does not cause tall stature or cardiovascular issues.

(D) Huntington’s Disease: Affects the nervous system, causing movement disorders, not tall stature.

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