Which laboratory value is most indicative of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL
Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL
Urine specific gravity of 1.015
The Correct Answer is C
(A) Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L: Normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), does not indicate CKD.
(B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL: BUN can fluctuate with hydration status and is not the most specific CKD marker.
(C) Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL: Creatinine is a direct marker of kidney function. A level above 1.2 mg/dL suggests dysfunction, and 5.0 mg/dL is severely elevated, indicating CKD.
(D) Urine specific gravity of 1.015: Falls within the normal range (1.010-1.030), does not indicate CKD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}
Explanation
|
Prerenal |
Intrarenal |
Postrenal |
|
Severe Dehydration Sepsis CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) |
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity) |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) |
Severe Dehydration: Prerenal
Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.
Sepsis: Prerenal
Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.
CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal
Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal
Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys
Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal
Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal
Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.
Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal
Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.
Correct Answer is ["D","E"]
Explanation
(A) Serum Glucose Levels: Mannitol does not significantly affect glucose metabolism.
(B) Heart Rate: It does not directly impact heart rate, though secondary effects like dehydration may influence it.
(C) Respiration Rate: Mannitol does not directly impact respiratory function.
(D) Urine Output: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that increases urine output. Monitoring urine output helps assess the drug’s effectiveness and prevent dehydration or hypovolemia.
(E) Serum Potassium Levels: Mannitol causes diuresis, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels helps prevent complications like arrhythmias.
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