Which laboratory value is most indicative of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL
Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL
Urine specific gravity of 1.015
The Correct Answer is C
(A) Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L: Normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), does not indicate CKD.
(B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL: BUN can fluctuate with hydration status and is not the most specific CKD marker.
(C) Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL: Creatinine is a direct marker of kidney function. A level above 1.2 mg/dL suggests dysfunction, and 5.0 mg/dL is severely elevated, indicating CKD.
(D) Urine specific gravity of 1.015: Falls within the normal range (1.010-1.030), does not indicate CKD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) Positive Inotropic Effect: Sotalol does not increase contractility; it weakens contractions, making it a negative inotrope.
(B) Hypertension: Sotalol primarily lowers blood pressure and heart rate, which can actually cause hypotension.
(C) Negative Inotropic Effect: Sotalol is a beta-blocker that decreases myocardial contractility, which can further reduce cardiac output in heart failure patients.
(D) Hypercholesterolemia: Sotalol does not significantly impact cholesterol levels.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Fathers can pass the disorder to their sons: Incorrect because fathers pass the Y chromosome to sons, not the X.
(B) Carrier females rarely show symptoms: While carrier females often do not show symptoms due to having one unaffected X chromosome, it is not a defining feature.
(C) Equal male and female prevalence: Incorrect because X-linked recessive disorders affect males more frequently, as they only have one X chromosome.
(D) All daughters of affected males are carriers: Since males have only one X chromosome, they pass their X chromosome to all daughters, making them carriers.
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