Which medication is most appropriate for treating hyperkalemia?
Mannitol
Calcium Carbonate
Glucose & Insulin
Metoprolol
The Correct Answer is C
(A) Mannitol: Osmotic diuretic, does not significantly lower potassium.
(B) Calcium Carbonate: Used for hypocalcemia, not hyperkalemia.
(C) Glucose & Insulin: Insulin drives potassium into cells, reducing serum potassium levels. Glucose is given to prevent hypoglycemia.
(D) Metoprolol: Beta-blocker, does not directly lower potassium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Promote diuresis and reduce ascites: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in cirrhosis to help manage fluid retention and ascites caused by portal hypertension.
(B) Prevent worsening liver damage: Spironolactone does not directly protect the liver.
(C) Reduce blood pressure: Though it can lower BP, this is not its primary use in cirrhosis.
(D) Increase urine output without affecting potassium levels: It spares potassium, but monitoring is still needed to prevent hyperkalemia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
(A) Obtain a urine specimen: Important for diagnosis but not the priority over pain management.
(B) Administer prescribed analgesics: Pain relief is the priority in acute urolithiasis, as renal colic is excruciating.
(C) Encourage oral fluids: Helps prevent further stone formation but is secondary to pain relief.
(D) Prepare the patient for surgery: Surgery is only indicated for large, obstructing stones, not a first-line intervention.
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