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Which medication is most appropriate for treating hyperkalemia?

A.

Mannitol

B.

Calcium Carbonate

C.

Glucose & Insulin

D.

Metoprolol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

(A) Mannitol: Osmotic diuretic, does not significantly lower potassium.

(B) Calcium Carbonate: Used for hypocalcemia, not hyperkalemia.

(C) Glucose & Insulin: Insulin drives potassium into cells, reducing serum potassium levels. Glucose is given to prevent hypoglycemia.

(D) Metoprolol: Beta-blocker, does not directly lower potassium.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"C"},"G":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

Prerenal

Intrarenal

Postrenal

Severe Dehydration

Sepsis

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

Severe Dehydration: Prerenal

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to low volume.

Sepsis: Prerenal

Hypotension from systemic infection reduces kidney perfusion.

CHF (Congestive Heart Failure): Prerenal

Reduced cardiac output leads to inadequate renal perfusion.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Postrenal

Urinary outflow obstruction causes back pressure on the kidneys

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones): Postrenal

Blockage in the urinary tract prevents urine excretion, leading to kidney damage.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Intrarenal

Direct injury to kidney tubules due to ischemia or toxins.

Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside antibiotic toxicity): Intrarenal

Causes nephrotoxicity, damaging renal tubules directly.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"D"},"D":{"answers":"E"},"E":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) → Hyponatremia

Excess ADH leads to water retention, diluting sodium levels.

Addison’s Disease → Hyperkalemia

Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone, causing potassium retention.

Hypoparathyroidism → Hypocalcemia

Lack of parathyroid hormone reduces calcium levels.

Diabetes Insipidus → Hypernatremia

Excessive water loss leads to sodium concentration increase.

Hyperparathyroidism → Hypercalcemia

Excess parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones.

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