An Angina Pectoris patient begins taking nifedipine [Procardia] a calcium channel blocker, along with metoprolol, to treat hypertension. The nurse understands that metoprolol is used to:
prevent constipation.
minimize gingival hyperplasia.
prevent recurrent chest pain
reduce flushing.
The Correct Answer is C
(A) Prevent constipation: Calcium channel blockers can cause constipation, but metoprolol does not prevent it.
(B) Minimize gingival hyperplasia: Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of calcium channel blockers, but metoprolol does not counteract it.
(C) Prevent recurrent chest pain: Nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia, which increases myocardial oxygen demand. Metoprolol (a beta-blocker) prevents this by slowing the heart rate and reducing myocardial workload, thereby preventing angina.
(D) Reduce flushing: Flushing is a side effect of nifedipine, but metoprolol is not used for this purpose.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Promote diuresis and reduce ascites: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in cirrhosis to help manage fluid retention and ascites caused by portal hypertension.
(B) Prevent worsening liver damage: Spironolactone does not directly protect the liver.
(C) Reduce blood pressure: Though it can lower BP, this is not its primary use in cirrhosis.
(D) Increase urine output without affecting potassium levels: It spares potassium, but monitoring is still needed to prevent hyperkalemia.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
(A) Hypokalemia: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
(B) Dehydration: Excessive diuresis can lead to dehydration.
(C) Hypertension: Furosemide lowers blood pressure; hypotension is a concern, not hypertension.
(D) Hypercalcemia: Furosemide increases calcium excretion, potentially causing hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
(E) Ototoxicity: High-dose or rapid IV furosemide can cause hearing loss and tinnitus.
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