An Angina Pectoris patient begins taking nifedipine [Procardia] a calcium channel blocker, along with metoprolol, to treat hypertension. The nurse understands that metoprolol is used to:
prevent constipation.
minimize gingival hyperplasia.
prevent recurrent chest pain
reduce flushing.
The Correct Answer is C
(A) Prevent constipation: Calcium channel blockers can cause constipation, but metoprolol does not prevent it.
(B) Minimize gingival hyperplasia: Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of calcium channel blockers, but metoprolol does not counteract it.
(C) Prevent recurrent chest pain: Nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia, which increases myocardial oxygen demand. Metoprolol (a beta-blocker) prevents this by slowing the heart rate and reducing myocardial workload, thereby preventing angina.
(D) Reduce flushing: Flushing is a side effect of nifedipine, but metoprolol is not used for this purpose.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Sodium: Thiazide diuretics can lower sodium, but hyponatremia does not directly affect digoxin toxicity.
(B) Magnesium: Magnesium is important for cardiac function but not as directly linked to digoxin toxicity as potassium.
(C) Calcium: Thiazides can cause hypercalcemia, but calcium does not significantly affect digoxin toxicity.
(D) Potassium: Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) cause potassium loss, which increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Hypokalemia sensitizes the heart to digoxin’s effects, leading to arrhythmias.
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"D"},"D":{"answers":"E"},"E":{"answers":"B"}}
Explanation
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) → Hyponatremia
Excess ADH leads to water retention, diluting sodium levels.
Addison’s Disease → Hyperkalemia
Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone, causing potassium retention.
Hypoparathyroidism → Hypocalcemia
Lack of parathyroid hormone reduces calcium levels.
Diabetes Insipidus → Hypernatremia
Excessive water loss leads to sodium concentration increase.
Hyperparathyroidism → Hypercalcemia
Excess parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones.
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