Which of the following best describes a general approach to trauma-informed care?
Due to the pervasiveness of trauma, clinicians must be aware of signs and symptoms of past and present trauma and do their best not to retraumatize clients.
Due to the pervasiveness of trauma, clinicians must not diagnose mental illness until trauma has been ruled out.
Trauma is widespread and must be assessed at each visit in order to determine an adverse childhood experience (ACE) score.
Trauma is widespread, and clinicians must assume everyone has had some form of trauma. Trauma contributes to dysfunctional behavior.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Trauma-informed care emphasizes recognizing the widespread impact of trauma and integrating this understanding into all aspects of care. Clinicians are trained to identify signs of trauma and avoid practices that may retraumatize clients. This approach fosters safety, trust, and empowerment.
Choice B reason: While trauma can influence mental health, delaying diagnosis until trauma is ruled out is not a standard practice. Trauma-informed care encourages comprehensive assessment but does not prohibit diagnosis.
Choice C reason: Although ACE scores are valuable tools, assessing trauma at every visit is not a universal requirement. Trauma-informed care is more about creating a safe environment and being responsive to trauma history when relevant.
Choice D reason: Assuming everyone has experienced trauma may lead to overgeneralization and bias. Trauma-informed care promotes sensitivity and awareness, not assumptions. It focuses on individualized care and avoids pathologizing clients based on presumed trauma.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Jean Watson is known for the Theory of Human Caring, which emphasizes the spiritual and emotional dimensions of nursing care, not interpersonal relationships.
Choice B reason: Dorothy Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which focuses on the individual's ability to care for themselves and the nurse's role in supporting that capacity.
Choice C reason: Madeline Leininger is recognized for her Transcultural Nursing Theory, which integrates cultural understanding into nursing practice.
Choice D reason: Hildegard Peplau is the founder of the Theory of Interpersonal Relationships in nursing. Her model emphasizes the therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient as central to psychiatric nursing and includes phases such as orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, which includes stages such as sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. His work focuses on how children acquire knowledge and logical reasoning, not interpersonal development.
Choice B reason: Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial stages of development, which emphasize the impact of social experience across the lifespan. While his theory includes interpersonal elements, it is not specifically termed "interpersonal theory."
Choice C reason: Abraham Maslow is best known for his hierarchy of needs, which outlines human motivation from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. His theory is motivational rather than interpersonal.
Choice D reason: Harry Stack Sullivan is the originator of interpersonal theory, which posits that personality development and mental health are significantly influenced by interpersonal relationships. He outlined stages of interpersonal development and emphasized the role of social interactions in shaping personality.
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