Which of the following best describes the role of osmoreceptors in the regulation of water balance in the body?

Osmoreceptors in the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of cortisol in response to changes in plasma osmolality.

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high plasma osmolality and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which enhances water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Osmoreceptors in the kidneys monitor blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone secretion to control sodium reabsorption and water balance.

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect low plasma osmolality and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Osmoreceptors in the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of cortisol in response to changes in plasma osmolality: This is incorrect as the pituitary gland itself does not have osmoreceptors; rather, the hypothalamus contains osmoreceptors.

B. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high plasma osmolality and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which enhances water reabsorption in the kidneys: This is correct. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense changes in plasma osmolality and regulate ADH release to maintain water balance.

C. Osmoreceptors in the kidneys monitor blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone secretion to control sodium reabsorption and water balance: This is not correct because the kidneys primarily use juxtaglomerular cells to sense blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone, not osmoreceptors.

D. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect low plasma osmolality and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production: This is partially correct; osmoreceptors do detect low osmolality, but their inhibition of ADH would decrease urine production, not increase it.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Nasal saline irrigation alone: While nasal saline irrigation can help to clear out mucus and congestion, it is often not sufficient to treat bacterial sinusitis.

B. Oral decongestants alone: Decongestants may provide temporary relief of symptoms but are not effective against bacterial infections.

C. Oral antibiotics: Antibiotics are the most appropriate treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis, as they can target the underlying infection.

D. Intranasal corticosteroids alone: Corticosteroids can be helpful for managing allergic rhinitis but are not effective against bacterial infections.

A. Hyperventilation B. Bradypnea C. Syncope D. U waves on electrocardiogram

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis or anxiety rather than hypokalemia. Hypokalemia does not typically cause hyperventilation.

B. Bradypnea: Bradypnea (slow breathing) is not a common finding in hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can affect muscle function, including respiratory muscles, but bradypnea is not a characteristic sign.

C. Syncope: While syncope (fainting) can occur due to various conditions, it is not a specific or common finding directly associated with hypokalemia. Hypokalemia mainly affects the heart and muscles.

D. U waves on electrocardiogram: U waves are a classic electrocardiogram (ECG) finding associated with hypokalemia. These waves appear after the T wave and are indicative of the electrolyte imbalance affecting cardiac repolarization.

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Which of the following best describes the role of osmoreceptors in the regulation of water balance in the body?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Exhibits Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse associate with hypokalemia?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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