Which of the following best describes the role of osmoreceptors in the regulation of water balance in the body?
Osmoreceptors in the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of cortisol in response to changes in plasma osmolality.
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high plasma osmolality and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which enhances water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Osmoreceptors in the kidneys monitor blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone secretion to control sodium reabsorption and water balance.
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect low plasma osmolality and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Osmoreceptors in the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of cortisol in response to changes in plasma osmolality: This is incorrect as the pituitary gland itself does not have osmoreceptors; rather, the hypothalamus contains osmoreceptors.
B. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high plasma osmolality and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which enhances water reabsorption in the kidneys: This is correct. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense changes in plasma osmolality and regulate ADH release to maintain water balance.
C. Osmoreceptors in the kidneys monitor blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone secretion to control sodium reabsorption and water balance: This is not correct because the kidneys primarily use juxtaglomerular cells to sense blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone, not osmoreceptors.
D. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect low plasma osmolality and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production: This is partially correct; osmoreceptors do detect low osmolality, but their inhibition of ADH would decrease urine production, not increase it.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Cardiac enlargement: Chronic hypoxia leads to increased workload on the heart as it works harder to deliver oxygen to tissues. This can result in cardiac enlargement or right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension, a common consequence of long-term hypoxia.
B. Exophthalmos: Exophthalmos is protrusion of the eyes and is typically associated with thyroid disorders, such as Graves' disease, rather than chronic hypoxia.
C. Gastric ulcerations: While stress and certain medications can lead to gastric ulcerations, they are not directly caused by chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia mainly affects the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.
D. Urinary tract infections: Chronic hypoxia does not typically lead to urinary tract infections. UTIs are more commonly associated with factors such as poor hygiene, urinary obstruction, or immunosuppression.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
In cases of acute bacterial sinusitis that last longer than 10 days, worsen after initial improvement, or present with severe symptoms (such as fever and significant facial pain), oral antibiotics are generally indicated. First-line options typically include amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Other options listed, such as nasal saline irrigation, oral decongestants, or intranasal corticosteroids, may help alleviate symptoms but would not address the bacterial infection, making antibiotics the most appropriate primary treatment in this case.
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