Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)?

88-year-old person with only Type 2 diabetes.

72-year-old person with Type 2 diabetes & COPD.

33-year old person with Type 1 diabetes.

56-year old person with only Type 2 diabetes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Older adults, particularly those with Type 2 diabetes, are at increased risk for HHS due to factors such as decreased renal function, polypharmacy, and potential for dehydration. This patient's age and diabetes type make them susceptible, but we need to compare them with other options.
B.   COPD can lead to respiratory problems that may further complicate diabetes management. Additionally, older adults with chronic diseases often experience increased stress on their bodies, which can exacerbate hyperglycemia. The combination of age, diabetes, and a chronic respiratory condition increases the risk.
C.   While individuals with Type 1 diabetes can experience HHS, it is less common compared to those with Type 2 diabetes. This is primarily because people with Type 1 diabetes are more prone to ketoacidosis rather than HHS, especially if they are managing their insulin properly. Therefore, this individual is at a lower risk for HHS.
D.   This patient has Type 2 diabetes but lacks the additional risk factors (like older age or chronic illness) that would significantly elevate their risk for HHS compared to the other options. While they could develop HHS, they are not at the highest risk.

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Correct Answer is ["5.3"]

Explanation

1 kilogram equals 2.2 pounds.

The preschooler weighs 29 pounds, which is approximately 13.18 kilograms (29/2.2). The order is for 40 mg/kg/day

13.18 kg * 40 mg/kg = 527.2 mg/day.

Since the medication is to be administered every 12 hours, divide this daily dosage by 2 to get the per dose amount: 527.2 mg/day / 2 = 263.6 mg/dose.

Now, using the concentration of the elixir, which is 250 mg/5 mL, set up a proportion to find out how many milliliters are needed for the prescribed dose: 250 mg : 5 mL = 263.6 mg : X mL.

Solving for X gives us (263.6 mg * 5 mL) / 250 mg = 5.272 mL per dose.

Rounding to the nearest tenth, the nurse should administer 5.3 mL per dose.

A. Herpes Simplex B. Consumption of spicy foods C. Reflux Disease D. Daily NSAID use

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is not directly linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. While it can cause infections in the esophagus, especially in immunocompromised individuals, it is not recognized as a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer itself.
B. While some individuals may experience discomfort from spicy foods, there is no substantial evidence linking the consumption of spicy foods directly to the development of esophageal cancer. Dietary factors are more complex, and spicy foods are not typically identified as a primary risk factor.
C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma. Chronic reflux can lead to changes in the esophageal lining (Barrett's esophagus), which is a precancerous condition. Therefore, this is a well-established risk factor.
D. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is not considered a direct risk factor for esophageal cancer. In some contexts, NSAIDs may even have a protective effect against certain types of cancer due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, chronic use can lead to gastrointestinal complications, including ulcers, but does not have a clear link to the development of esophageal cancer.

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Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["5.3"]

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a patient prior to surgery for esophageal cancer. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for the development of this disease?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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