Which is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?

Cholecystitis

Pancreatitis

Presbyopia

Neuropathy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder, is not directly associated with diabetes mellitus. While people with diabetes may have other gastrointestinal issues, cholecystitis is not considered a long-term complication of diabetes.
B.   Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas and is not a common long-term complication of diabetes. While chronic pancreatitis can lead to diabetes (type 3c diabetes), it is not primarily caused by diabetes itself. Thus, it is not considered a typical long-term complication of diabetes mellitus.
C.   Presbyopia is the age-related loss of near vision due to the hardening of the lens in the eye. While individuals with diabetes can experience eye problems, presbyopia is a normal part of aging and not specifically a long-term complication of diabetes.
D.   Diabetic neuropathy is a well-known long-term complication of diabetes mellitus. It results from nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels. Neuropathy can lead to various symptoms, including pain, tingling, and loss of sensation, particularly in the extremities.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This level indicates average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months and is higher than the target range (usually under 7% for many patients with diabetes). While this result suggests the need for adjustments in management, it is not an immediate emergency.
B. A random plasma glucose level of 205 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia, but it is not typically considered an immediate danger unless accompanied by symptoms of hyperglycemia. This level would warrant further monitoring and possibly an adjustment in treatment, but it doesn't require urgent intervention.
C. A blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia, which is a critical condition that requires immediate action. Hypoglycemia can lead to symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness, and it must be addressed quickly, usually with fast-acting carbohydrates.
D. While a fasting blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL indicates significant hyperglycemia, it does not require immediate action like hypoglycemia does. This level indicates a need for further management but is not acutely dangerous compared to a severely low blood glucose level.

A. Allow the client to verbalize feelings about having the white patches. B. Explain the patches will go away on their own in about 2 weeks. C. Instruct to rinse the mouth with diluted hydrogen peroxide and water daily. D. Notify the health care provider to obtain an antifungal medication.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While it's important for clients to express their feelings and concerns, this intervention does not directly address the issue of the white patches or the potential infection. It may provide emotional support, but it does not contribute to resolving the clinical problem.
B. While some mild cases may resolve on their own, oral thrush often requires antifungal treatment, especially in immunocompromised patients or those on prolonged antibiotic therapy. Telling the patient that it will go away without treatment could lead to worsening symptoms and complications.
C. While oral hygiene is important, rinsing with diluted hydrogen peroxide is not the standard treatment for oral thrush. This method could cause irritation and may not effectively eliminate the fungal infection. Other rinses (like saline) might be more appropriate for general oral care but would not address the underlying candidiasis.
D. White, cheesy patches in the mouth suggest oral thrush, which is commonly treated with antifungal medications (such as fluconazole or nystatin).

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Which is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which test results require the most immediate action by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with pneumonia receiving antibiotic therapy reports white, cheesy patches in the mouth. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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