Which is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?

A. Thiazide diuretics can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) as they increase potassium excretion in the urine. Therefore, increasing potassium intake is crucial to prevent hypokalemia and its associated complications, such as arrhythmias.
B. While magnesium levels can also be affected by diuretics, it's not as significant as potassium depletion.
C. Thiazide diuretics can actually increase calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to potential hypercalcemia. Therefore, increasing calcium intake is not recommended.
D. Thiazide diuretics are used to reduce sodium and water retention, so increasing sodium intake would counteract their effect.

A. This finding can occur with circulatory issues but is not a classic symptom of a hip fracture itself. A cool extremity may indicate vascular compromise, which is less common immediately after a hip fracture and more concerning for a potential complication, such as compartment syndrome.
B. Similar to cool extremities, absent pedal pulses suggest a significant vascular problem and are not typical for a straightforward hip fracture. While this can indicate serious complications, it is not a common presentation immediately following a hip fracture.
C. Misalignment or deformity of the leg is a classic symptom of a fractured hip. The affected leg may appear shorter and externally rotated. This misalignment is often one of the first observable signs that healthcare providers look for during the assessment.
D. Hypotension can occur due to various reasons, including pain, dehydration, or blood loss, but it is not a direct symptom of a fractured hip. While it could be present in some cases, it is not the most characteristic finding associated with hip fractures.