Which of the following does long-term care include?

Rationale:

A. Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) plan: PPO plans typically offer members greater flexibility in choosing healthcare providers and may not have as strict requirements for referrals to specialists, reducing barriers to access.

B. Medicare advantage plans: Medicare Advantage plans, also known as Medicare Part C, offer additional benefits beyond traditional Medicare, but they may not exhibit the same issues with access to primary and specialty care as other managed care plans.

C. Medicaid managed care: Medicaid managed care plans vary by state and may have different structures for accessing care, but they often emphasize primary care coordination and may not exhibit the same issues with access as HMO plans.

D. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) plans: HMO plans typically require members to select a primary care physician (PCP) and obtain referrals from the PCP to see specialists. This structure can create barriers to accessing specialty care, particularly if there are limitations in provider networks or delays in obtaining referrals.

Rationale:

A. Look at the performance of an individual or organization: Micro perspectives on quality focus on evaluating the performance of specific individuals, healthcare providers, or organizations, such as hospitals or clinics.

B. Look at quality from the population's standpoint: This is an example of a macro perspective on quality, which considers healthcare outcomes and quality indicators at a broader population level.

C. Joint Commission quality check website: The Joint Commission is a healthcare accrediting organization that evaluates and accredits healthcare organizations and programs based on

established standards and quality measures. While it contributes to quality assessment, it does not represent a specific perspective (micro or macro).

D. Reflect the performance of the entire health care delivery system: This is another example of a macro perspective on quality, which assesses the overall performance and effectiveness of the healthcare delivery system as a whole.