Which of the following instruments is used to measure air or bone conduction in the ear?
Tuning fork.
Penlight.
Reflex hammer.
Otoscope.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A tuning fork is a U-shaped instrument that, when struck, produces a specific frequency of vibration. In audiology, it is used to assess both air conduction (sound transmitted through the external and middle ear to the inner ear) and bone conduction (sound transmitted directly to the inner ear through the skull), aiding in differentiating types of hearing loss.
Choice B rationale
A penlight is a small, handheld light source primarily used for illuminating body cavities, assessing pupillary reflexes, or examining the oral cavity and throat. It does not produce sound vibrations and is not used for measuring air or bone conduction in the ear.
Choice C rationale
A reflex hammer is an instrument used to elicit deep tendon reflexes by tapping on tendons, stretching the muscle, and activating the reflex arc. It is a neurological assessment tool and has no function in measuring auditory conduction.
Choice D rationale
An otoscope is a medical device equipped with a light and magnifying lens, used for visual examination of the external ear canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum). While essential for ear assessment, it does not measure air or bone conduction; rather, it allows for direct visualization of anatomical structures.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred intramuscular injection site for infants and children due to its large muscle mass and lack of major nerves or blood vessels, minimizing the risk of injury. This site is easily accessible and provides a safe area for medication absorption in developing musculature.
Choice B rationale
The ventrogluteal site is generally considered safe and effective for intramuscular injections, but it requires precise anatomical landmark identification, which can be challenging in infants and young children, increasing the risk of sciatic nerve injury if landmarks are not accurately identified.
Choice C rationale
The dorsogluteal site is contraindicated for intramuscular injections in infants and children due to the risk of sciatic nerve damage. The sciatic nerve runs through this area, and the muscle mass is not fully developed in younger patients, making it a hazardous site.
Choice D rationale
The deltoid muscle is too small and underdeveloped in infants and young children to safely accommodate intramuscular injections. Its limited muscle mass increases the risk of injury to underlying nerves and blood vessels, and absorption capacity is reduced.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Positioning a school-aged child in the supine position with the head tilted backward during nose drop administration allows gravity to assist the medication in flowing into the nasal cavity and reaching the intended mucosal surfaces. This anatomical alignment ensures optimal distribution and absorption of the drug, maximizing its therapeutic effect on the nasal passages.
Choice B rationale
Instructing the child to breathe deeply through the nose immediately after drop insertion could cause the medication to be inhaled into the lungs or swallowed, reducing its intended topical effect on the nasal mucosa. Proper technique involves maintaining the head position for a few moments to allow absorption.
Choice C rationale
Returning unused nose drops from the dropper to the medication bottle is an unsafe practice that can lead to contamination of the entire medication supply. The dropper tip, once it has touched the patient's nostril, is no longer sterile and can introduce microbes into the sterile solution.
Choice D rationale
Positioning the tip of the medication dropper within a nostril can cause discomfort, irritation, or even injury to the delicate nasal mucosa. The dropper should be held just above the nostril, allowing the drops to fall into the nasal passage without direct contact, ensuring patient safety and comfort.
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