Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids used in asthma management?

Increased appetite

Oral thrush (candidiasis)

Hypertension

Constipation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Increased appetite is not a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids due to their minimal systemic absorption. Systemic corticosteroids, like prednisone, stimulate appetite by altering metabolism and increasing hunger signals, but inhaled forms like fluticasone primarily act locally in the lungs, limiting such systemic effects.

Choice B reason: Oral thrush (candidiasis) is a frequent side effect of inhaled corticosteroids. Residual drug in the oral cavity disrupts local microbial flora, promoting Candida albicans overgrowth. Rinsing the mouth after use reduces this risk by removing excess corticosteroid, preventing fungal infections while maintaining anti-inflammatory effects in the airways.

Choice C reason: Hypertension is not typically caused by inhaled corticosteroids, as their systemic absorption is low. Systemic corticosteroids can cause fluid retention and increased blood pressure via mineralocorticoid effects, but inhaled forms like budesonide have minimal impact on cardiovascular parameters, making this an unlikely side effect.

Choice D reason: Constipation is not associated with inhaled corticosteroids. Their action is localized to the respiratory tract, with negligible gastrointestinal effects due to low systemic bioavailability. Systemic corticosteroids may cause metabolic changes, but constipation is not a reported side effect, and inhaled forms do not affect bowel motility.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Headache and nervousness are not significant adverse effects of antitubercular drugs like isoniazid or rifampin. These symptoms are nonspecific and less concerning than neurotoxicity. Antitubercular drugs primarily affect the liver, nerves, or blood, making neurological symptoms like numbness more critical to report.

Choice B reason: Numbness and tingling of extremities indicate peripheral neuropathy, a serious adverse effect of isoniazid, which depletes pyridoxine (vitamin B6), impairing nerve function. This requires immediate reporting to adjust therapy or add pyridoxine supplementation, preventing irreversible nerve damage while continuing effective tuberculosis treatment.

Choice C reason: Reddish-orange urine and stool are expected effects of rifampin, which is metabolized to a red-orange compound excreted in bodily fluids. This is harmless and does not require reporting unless accompanied by other symptoms like jaundice, which could indicate hepatotoxicity, a more serious concern.

Choice D reason: Gastrointestinal upset is common with antitubercular drugs like rifampin or pyrazinamide but is not typically severe enough to warrant immediate reporting unless persistent or accompanied by signs of hepatotoxicity. Numbness is a more concerning neurological effect, requiring prompt prescriber notification to prevent complications.

A. I will use this inhaler for asthma attacks. B. I will clean the plastic inhaler casing weekly by removing the canister and then washing the casing in warm soapy water. I will then let it dry before reassembling. C. I will rinse my mouth with water after using the inhaler and then spit out the water. D. I will gargle after using the inhaler and then swallow.

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Using a corticosteroid inhaler like fluticasone for asthma attacks is incorrect. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation over days, not immediately, and are for maintenance. Acute attacks require short-acting beta-agonists like albuterol for rapid bronchodilation, indicating a need for further patient education on inhaler roles.

Choice B reason: Cleaning the inhaler casing weekly with warm soapy water is correct. This prevents drug residue buildup, ensuring proper dose delivery and reducing infection risk. Removing the canister and drying the casing properly maintains inhaler function, reflecting appropriate understanding of maintenance.

Choice C reason: Rinsing the mouth with water and spitting it out after using a corticosteroid inhaler is correct. This removes residual drug, preventing oral candidiasis by reducing fungal growth in the oral cavity. It reflects proper understanding of post-inhalation hygiene, requiring no further instruction.

Choice D reason: Gargling and swallowing after using a corticosteroid inhaler is incorrect. Swallowing residual corticosteroid can increase systemic absorption, raising the risk of side effects like adrenal suppression. Rinsing and spitting out is necessary to minimize oral thrush and systemic effects, indicating a need for correction.

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Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids used in asthma management?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is discussing adverse effects of antitubercular drugs with a patient who has active tuberculosis. Which potential adverse effect of antitubercular drug therapy should the patient report to the prescriber?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is providing instructions to a patient who has a new prescription for a corticosteroid metered-dose inhaler. Which statement by the patient indicates that further instruction is needed? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

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