Which of the following is a teratogen?
A maternal age greater than 35
A genetic mutation during meiosis
Neonatal exposure to the flu
The mother having chicken pox during pregnancy
The mother having an amniocentesis
The Correct Answer is D
A. A maternal age greater than 35: Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., nondisjunction) but is not itself an external teratogenic agent.
B. A genetic mutation during meiosis: A meiotic error is a genetic cause of birth defects (endogenous), not a teratogen (which is an external environmental agent).
C. Neonatal exposure to the flu: Exposure after birth (neonatal) is not a prenatal teratogen affecting embryonic/fetal development.
D. The mother having chicken pox during pregnancy: maternal infection with varicella during pregnancy can act as a teratogen (congenital varicella syndrome) and cause fetal anomalies - infections are classic teratogens.
E. The mother having an amniocentesis: Amniocentesis is an invasive diagnostic procedure that carries some risk (e.g., miscarriage) but is not classified as a teratogenic agent in the same sense as drugs/infections/radiation.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hearing: Newborns have functioning auditory systems (they can hear in utero and respond to sounds), so hearing is relatively well developed at birth.
B. Touch: Touch is functional at birth (infants respond to touch and pain), so it does not require the most postnatal development.
C. Taste: Newborns show taste preferences (e.g., for sweet) and can differentiate tastes soon after birth, so taste is already functional.
D. Vision: Vision is the least developed at birth-acuity, color discrimination, focus, and depth perception mature over weeks to months.
E. Smell: Olfaction is functional at birth (infants can detect and prefer their mother’s scent), so smell is relatively developed.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Industry versus inferiority:School-age stage where competence in skills is central; Pavel’s career/legacy focus is later.
B. Identity versus role confusion:Adolescence stage focused on identity formation, not middle-age productivity.
C. Intimacy versus isolation:Young-adult stage focused on forming intimate relationships, not public-policy contributions.
D. Generativity versus stagnation:middle adulthood stage about contributing to future generations and society (generativity), which matches Pavel’s renewed focus on public policy contributions.
E. Ego integrity versus despair:Late-life stage involving life review and acceptance; Pavel is more active/productive, so not this stage.
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