Which of the following is an example of a complication that causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema?

Choice A Reason:

Memory loss is correct. Memory loss can occur in individuals with PML due to damage to the white matter of the brain caused by the JC virus infection. This damage can affect cognitive function, including memory.

Choice B Reason:

Clumsiness is correct. Clumsiness or lack of coordination is a common neurological symptom of PML. It can result from damage to areas of the brain responsible for motor function and coordination.

Choice C Reason:

Tardive dyskinesia is incorrect. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often involving the face, lips, tongue, and limbs. While tardive dyskinesia can occur as a side effect of certain medications, it is not typically associated with PML.

Choice D Reason:

Seizures is correct. Seizures can occur in individuals with PML due to the involvement of the brain's white matter by the JC virus infection. Seizures may present as sudden, uncontrolled movements, altered consciousness, or other neurological symptoms.

Choice E Reason:

Vision difficulty is correct. Vision difficulties, including blurred vision, visual field deficits, and other visual disturbances, are common manifestations of PML. Damage to the optic nerves or areas of the brain involved in visual processing can result in vision difficulties.

Choice A Reason:

Prodrome is incorrect. The prodrome phase occurs before the onset of the headache and can last for hours to days. During this phase, individuals may experience subtle changes that serve as warning signs of an impending migraine attack. Common prodromal symptoms include fatigue, mood changes, food cravings, increased thirst, and heightened sensitivity to light or sound. Tingling of the face and blind spots in the eyes are not typically associated with the prodrome phase.

Choice B Reason:

Aura is correct. The aura phase of a migraine typically occurs before or during the headache phase and involves neurological symptoms. Aura symptoms can include visual disturbances such as blind spots, zigzag lines, or flashing lights, as well as sensory symptoms like tingling or numbness, often starting in one part of the body and spreading gradually. The tingling of the face and blind spots in the eyes described by the client are consistent with the aura phase of a migraine.

Choice C Reason:

Postdrome is incorrect. The postdrome phase occurs after the headache phase and can last for hours to days. During this phase, individuals may experience lingering symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, and muscle aches. While some individuals may experience visual disturbances during the postdrome phase, the tingling of the face and blind spots in the eyes described by the client are more characteristic of the aura phase.

Choice D Reason:

Headache is incorrect. The headache phase of a migraine is characterized by moderate to severe throbbing head pain, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound. While visual disturbances can occur during the headache phase, the tingling of the face and blind spots in the eyes described by the client precede the onset of headache, suggesting the aura phase rather than the headache phase.